El tablero del sur del Pacífico: la competición geoestratégica a través del pacto de seguridad entre China y las Islas Salomón: strategic Competition Through the China-Solomon Islands Security Pact

• Autores: Mario Díez Martínez
• Localización: Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, ISSN-e 2255-3479, Nº. 20, 2022, págs. 69-102
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The The South Pacific Chessboard: strategic Competition Through the China-Solomon Islands Security Pact
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    En este artículo trataré de definir el tablero geoestratégico del sur del Pacífico en el marco de la competición de potencias. Para ello, lo delimitaré a un conjunto de países que comparten una serie de características únicas; examinaré el papel que desempeña cada actor en este escenario, poniendo énfasis en los intereses estratégicos y las políticas que han aplicado conforme a esta competición. Por último, realizaré un repaso de los eventos que han desencadenado una nueva competición de potencias en el sur del Pacífico, siempre argumentando que el pacto de seguridad entre China y las Islas Salomón puede suponer un punto de inflexión en la competición entre las potencias presentes de la región y cuáles son las implicaciones y respuestas derivadas del mismo.

  • English

    In this article I will attempt to define the geostrategic chessboard of the South Pacific in the framework of power competition. To do so, I delimit the chessboard to a set of countries that share several unique characteristics; I examine the role played by each actor in this scenario, emphasizing the strategic interests and policies they have developed because of this competition. Finally, I review the events that have triggered a new power competition in the South Pacific. I argue that the security pact between China and the Solomon Islands may represent a turning point in the competition between the powers present in the region and what are the implications and responses derived from it.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Asian Development Bank. (2013). The Economics of Climate Change in the Pacific. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/31136/economics-climate-change-pacific.pdf
  • Australian Government. (2003). National Interests, Global Concerns: The 2003 Foreign Affairs and Trade White Paper. https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/cib/2002-03/03cib23.pdf
  • — (2013). Defence White Paper 2013. https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/DefendAust/2013
  • — (2016). Defence White Paper 2016». https://www.defence.gov.au/about/strategic-planning/defence-white-paper
  • Avalos, et al. (2015). Papua New Guinea and the Natural Resource Curse. Comparative Economic Studies. 57:345-60. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2015.1
  • Banco Mundial. (2022ª). Deuda del Gobierno Central, Total ( Del PIB) - Papua Nueva Guinea | Data. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=PG
  • — (2022b). Deuda del Gobierno Central, Total ( Del PIB) - Tonga | Data. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=TO
  • Biddick, T. v. (1989). Diplomatic Rivalry in the South Pacific: The PRC and Taiwan. Source: Asian Survey. Vol. 29. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644627
  • Fiji Government. (2008). Fiji-sino ties strong – PM Bainimarama. Scoop News. 12 de agosto de 2008. https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0808/S00191/fiji-sino-tiesstrong-pm-commodore-bainimarama.htm
  • Brady, A.-M. (2022). [@Anne_MarieBrady] The Agreement Has Been Widely Leaked, Indicating Not Everyone in the Solomon Islands Is in Support...
  • Dziedzic, S. y Edwina Seselja. (2022). Solomon Islands Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare “insulted” by Reaction to Security Treaty with China....
  • Fildes, N. (2022). Jacinda Ardern and Joe Biden Forge Closer Security Ties after China’s Pacific Push. Financial Times. 1 de junio de 2022....
  • Forough, M. (2022). America’s Pivot to Asia 2.0: The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. The Diplomat. 26 de mayo de 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/americas-pivot-to-asia-2-0-the-indo-pacific-economic-framework/
  • Fox, R. y Mathew Dornan. (2018). China in the Pacific: Is China Engaged in “Debt-Trap Diplomacy”? Devpolicy Blog. 8 de noviembre de 2018....
  • Fry, G. E. y Tarte, S. (2015). The New Pacific Diplomacy The New Pacific Diplomacy and Its Impact on Regionalism View Project. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289519253
  • Galvin, R. y Healy, N. (2020). The Green New Deal in the United States: What it is and how to pay for it. Energy Research and Social Science....
  • Graham, Euan. 2018. «Belt and Road: More than Just a Brand». Lowy Institute. 14 de septiembre de 2018. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/belt-and-road-more-just-brand.
  • Handley, L. (2021). Tuvalu Minister Gives COP26 Speech Knee-Deep in the Ocean to Highlight Rising Sea Levels. Cnbc.Com. 8 de noviembre de...
  • Harwit, E. (2000). Taiwan’s Foreign Economic Relations with Developing Nations: A Case Study of Its Ties with Palau. Vol. 12. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23717350
  • Hayward-Jones, J. (2013). Big Enough for All of Us: Geo-Strategic Competition in the Pacific Islands. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/big-enough-all-us-geo-strategic-competition-pacific-islands
  • Henderson, J. y Reilly, B. (2003). Dragon in Paradise: China’s Rising Star in Oceania. The National Interest. N.o 72: 94-105. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42897487
  • Lati Lati. (2021). China’s Impact on New Zealand Foreign Policy in the Pacific: The Pacific Reset. The China Alternative Changing Regional...
  • Information Office of the State Council The People’s Republic of China. (2011). China’s Foreign Aid. The State Council The People’s Republic...
  • International Monetary Fund. (2018). Regional Economic Outlook. Asia Pacific. Good Times, Uncertain Times: A Time to Prepare. https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/05/08/NA050918-Asia-and-Pacific-Good-Times-Uncertain-Times-A-Time-to-Prepare
  • Isaksson, A.-S. y Kotsadam, A. (2016). Chinese Aid and Local Corruption. AidData Working Paper 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.01.002
  • Kim, P. M. (2022). Does the China-Solomon Islands Security Pact Portend a More Interventionist Beijing? Brookings. 6 de mayo de 2022. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2022/05/06/does-the-china-solomon-islandssecurity-pact-portend-a-more-interventionist-beijing/
  • Komai, M. (2015). Fiji’s Foreign Policy and the New Pacific Diplomacy. The New Pacific Diplomacy. 111-21. https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p328371/pdf/ch10.pdf
  • Kubuabola, R. I. (2015). Congratulatory Letter from Hon. Kubuabola to H.E. Wang Yi. Embassy of The People’s Republic of China in The Republic...
  • Kumar, L. et al. (2020). Climate Change and the Pacific Islands. Springer Climate. 1-31. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32878-8_1
  • Kutty, S. N. y Basura, R. (2021). The Quad: What it is and what is not. The Diplomat. 24 de marzo de 2021. https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/the-quad-what-it-is-and-what-it-is-not/
  • Langdon, F. C. (1988). Challenges to the United States in the South Pacific. Pacific Affairs. 61 (1): 7-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2758070
  • Lanteigne, M. (2012). Water Dragon? China, Power Shifts and Soft Balancing in the South Pacific. Political Science. 64 (1): 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032318712447732
  • Li, N. (2009). The Evolution of China’s Naval Strategy and Capabilities: From “Near Coast” and “Near Seas” to “Far Seas”. Asian Security....
  • Meick, E. (2018). China’s Engagement in the Pacific Islands: Implications for the United States. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/China-Pacific%20Islands%20Staff%20Report.pdf
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2022). Wang Yi Holds Talks with Foreign Minister of Solomon Islands Jeremiah...
  • New Zealand Government. (2018). Strategic Defence Policy Statement. https://www.defence.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/8958486b29/Strategic-Defence-Policy-Statement-2018.pdf
  • O’Dowd, S. (2021). Bridging the Belt and Road Initiative in Papua New Guinea. The China Alternative Changing Regional Order in the Pacific...
  • Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. (2017). Forum Communiqué. https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Final_48-PIF-Communique_2017_14Sep17.pdf
  • Peters, W. (2018). Winston Peters on New Zealand in the Pacific. Lowy Institute. 2 de marzo de 2018. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/winston-peters-new-zealand-pacific
  • Pulido, G. (2021). Guerra multidominio en los marines, la armada y la fuerza aérea. Guerra Multidominio y Mosaico. 67-84. Madrid, Catarata.
  • Ross, R. S. (2009). China’s Naval Nationalism: Sources, Prospects, and the U.S. Response. International Security. 34 (2): 46-81. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40389213
  • Roubini, N. (2001). Debt Sustainability: How to Assess Whether a Country is Insolvent. Stern School of Business New York University. https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~nroubini/papers/debtsustainability.pdf
  • Sailele Malielegaoi, T. (2018). Speech by the Hon Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi on Pacific Perspectives on the New Geostrategic...
  • Smith, G. y Wesley-Smith, T. (2021). The China Alternative Changing Regional Order in the Pacific Islands.
  • Stuart, D. T. y Tow, W. T. (1995). A US Strategy for the Asia-Pacific: Building a Multipolar Balance-of-Power System in Asia. International...
  • Synergia Foundation. (2019). Australia’s Pacific ‘Step-up’ Policy. Synergia Foundation. 13 de marzo de 2019. https://www.synergiafoundation.org/insights/analyses-assessments/australia-s-pacific-step-policy
  • Tarte, S. (2021). Building a Strategic Partnership: Fiji–China Relations Since 2008. The China Alternative Changing Regional Order in the...
  • Taylor, I. (2002). Taiwan’s Foreign Policy and Africa: The Limitations of Dollar Diplomacy. Journal of Contemporary China. 11 (30): 125-40.
  • https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10670560120091174
  • Taylor, M. (2017). Secretary General Meg Taylor’s Remarks to the 2017 Budget Forum Officials Committee Meeting. Suva. https://www.forumsec.org/2017/12/13/secretary-general-meg-taylors-remarks-2017-budget-forum-officials-committee-meeting-pacific-islands-forum-secretariat-conference-room-suva-fiji/
  • The Growth Lab at Harvard University. (2022). The Atlas of Economic Complexity. The Growth Lab at Harvard University. https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/
  • The Phuket News. (2022). Pacific Nations Reject China Security Pact. The Phuket News. 31 de mayo de 2022. https://www.thephuketnews.com/pacific-nationsreject-china-security-pact-84406.php
  • Varrall, M. (2021). Australia’s Response to China in the Pacific: From Alert to Alarmed. The China Alternative Changing Regional Order in...
  • Walden et al. (2021). Here’s What’s behind the Violent Protests in the Solomon Islands Capital, Honiara. ABC News. 25 de noviembre de 2021....
  • Walker, T. (2019). The Chinese Coal “ban” Carries a Significant Political Message. The Conversation. 28 de febrero de 2019. https://theconversation.com/the-chinese-coal-ban-carries-a-significant-political-message-112535
  • Wallis, J. y Batley, J. (2020). How Does the “Pacific» Fit into the «Indo-Pacific»? The Changing Geopolitics of the Pacific Islands. Security...
  • Wesley-Smith, T. y Porter, E. A. (2010). «Oceania Matters. China in Oceania: reshaping the Pacific? 13-43. Nueva York y Oxford, Berghahn Books.
  • Wroe, D. (2018). Chinese Wharf in Vanuatu Raising Eyebrows across the Pacific. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/the-greatwharf-from-china-raising-eyebrows-across-the-pacific-20180411-p4z8yu.html
  • Xinhua. (2022). China ready to bolster comprehensive strategic partnership with Pacific Island countries: Chinese FM. Xinhua. 30 de mayo de...
  • Yang, J. (2009). China in the South Pacific: Hegemon on the Horizon? Pacific Review. 22 (2): 139-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740902815292
  • — (2011). China in Fiji: displacing traditional players? Australian Journal of International Affairs. 65 (3): 305-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2011.563778
  • Zhang, D. (2019). Perceiving China’s Influence in the Pacific: The Case of Solomon Islands. The Diplomat. 18 de octubre de 2019. https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/perceiving-chinas-influence-in-the-pacific-the-case-of-solomon-islands/
  • Zhang, Y. (2007). China and the Emerging Regional Order in the South Pacific. Australian Journal of International Affairs. 61 (3): 367-81....