La ausencia de lo político en los comunes y una estrategia post - hegemónica de transformación social: aprendiendo de los movimientos

• Autores: Αlexandros Kioupkiolis
• Localización: Pensamiento al margen: revista digital sobre las ideas políticas, ISSN-e 2386-6098, Nº. 8, 2018, págs. 14-50
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Τhe paper argues that contemporary theories and practices of the commons outline an effective horizon of historical change which is already in motion. But present-day theories and activities of commoning have not yet adequately tackled political issues of power relations, antagonism, and ideology among larger groups. Most crucially, they have not sufficiently dealt with the challenges facing the construction of a broader sector of alternative formations of community, governance and economy: how to bring together and to coordinate dispersed, small-scale civic initiatives, and how to relate to established social systems and power relations in the market and the state. It is in this context that the 2011 cycle of democratic mobilizations can offer valuable insights for plotting a powerful strategy of social transformation. Diverse figures of contemporary radical democratic activism are still informed, or should be informed, by constitutive elements of hegemonic politics, such as representation, concentration of power and unification. However, they transfigure the political logics of hegemony in distinct ways, opening up representation, leadership and unity to plurality and the common, elaborating thus a post-hegemonic strategy of historical creation for the commons.

  • español

    El artículo sostiene que las teorías y prácticas contemporáneas de los bienes comunes esbozan un horizonte efectivo de transformación histórica que ya está en movimiento. No obstante, a día de hoy, estas teorías y prácticas no han abordado asuntos políticos como las relaciones de poder, los antagonismos y las ideologías en grandes grupos de personas. De manera crucial, no han tratado suficientemente los retos que enfrenta la construcción de un amplio sector de formaciones alternativas de comunidad, gobernanza y economía: cómo agrupar y coordinar iniciativas cívicas dispersas y de pequeña escala, y cómo relacionarse con los sistemas sociales establecidos y las relaciones de poder en el mercado y el Estado. Es en este contexto que el ciclo de movilizaciones democráticas de 2011 ofrece valiosas reflexiones para trazar una poderosa estrategia de transformación social. Diversas formas de activismo democrático radical contemporáneo aún se relacionan, o deberían relacionarse, con elementos constitutivos de la política hegemónica tales como la representación, la concentración de poder y la unificación. Sin embargo, transfiguran la lógica política de la hegemonía en aspectos concretos, abriendo la representación, el liderazgo y la unidad a la pluralidad y al común; elaborando así una estrategia post-hegemónica de creación histórica de los comunes.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alford, C. F. (1985). The ‘Iron Law of Oligarchy’ in the Athenian Polis . . . and Today, Canadian Journal of Political Science/ Revue canadienne...
  • Armstrong, P. (2009). Reticulations: Jean-Luc Nancy and the networks of the political (Vol. 27), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Badiou, A. (2012). The Rebirth of History. Times of Riots and Uprisings, London & New York: Verso.
  • Bauwens, (2005b). The Political Economy of Peer Production, CTheory,
  • Bauwens, M. (2009). Marx, Cognitive Capitalism and the Transition to the Commons, Interactivist Info Exchange, http://interactivist.autonomedia.org/node/13285,...
  • Bauwens, M. (2011). Should we worry about capitalist commons?, https://blog.p2pfoundation.net/should-we-worry-about-capitalist-commons/2011/03/23,...
  • Bauwens, M. & Kostakis, V. (2014a). From the communism of capital to capital for the commons: Towards an open co-operativism, tripleC:...
  • Bauwens, M. & Kostakis, V. (2017). Peer-to-Peer. A Manifesto for Commons Transition, forthcoming in the Real Utopias Series, Wright, E.O....
  • Beasley-Murray, J. (2010). Posthegemony: Political Theory in Latin America, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Benkler, Y. (2006). The Wealth of networks. How social production transforms markets and freedom, New Haven & London: Yale University...
  • Benkler, Y. (2011). The Penguin and the Leviathan, New York: Crown Business.
  • Benkler, Y., Nissenbaum, H. (2006). Commons‐based Peer Production and Virtue, Journal of Political Philosophy 14 (4): 394-419.
  • Bollier, D. (2008). Viral Spiral. How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of their Own, New York & London: New Press.
  • Brennan, G. & Hamlin, A. (1999). On political representation, British Journal of Political Science 29 (1): 109-127.
  • Caffentzis, G. (2010). The future of “The Commons”: neoliberalism’s “Plan B” or the original disaccumulation of capital?, New Formations 69:...
  • Caffentzis, G. (2013). In letters of blood and fire: Work, Machines, and the Crisis of Capitalism, Oakland CA: PM Press.
  • Dangl, B. (2012). Dancing with Dynamite. Social movements and states in Latin America, Oakland: AK Press.
  • Dean, J. (2012). The Communist Horizon, London & New York: Verso.
  • De Angelis, M. (2005). The New Commons in Practice, Development 48(2): 48–52.
  • De Angelis, M. (2007). The Beginning of History. Value Struggles and Global Capital, London & Ann Arbor: Pluto Press.
  • De Angelis, M. (2010). The production of commons and the “explosion” of the middle class, Antipode 42(4): 954-977.
  • De Angelis, M. (2012). Crises, Movements and Commons, borderlands (e-journal) 22(2): 1-22.
  • della Porta, D. & Rucht, D. (2015). Power and democracy: concluding remarks, in della
  • Porta, D., Rucht, D. (eds) (2015) Meeting Democracy. Power and deliberation in Global Justice Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dhaliwal, P. (2012). Public squares and resistance: the politics of space in the Indignados movement, Interface: a journal for and about social...
  • Dixon, C. (2014). Another Politics. Talking across today’s transformative movements, Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Dyer-Witherford, N. (1999). Cyber-Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in HighTechnology Capitalism, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Dyer-Witherford, N. (2012). The circulation of the common, http://www.globalproject.info/it/in_movimento/nick-dyer-witheford-the-circulation-of-thecommon/4797,...
  • Dyer-Witherford, N. (2015). Cyber-Proletariat. Global Labour in the Digital Vortex, London & Toronto: Pluto Press.
  • Federici, S. (2004). Caliban and the Witch, Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia.
  • Federici, S. (2010). Feminism and the Politics of the Commons, http://www.commoner.org.uk/?p=113, accessed 29/03/2017. Originally published...
  • Hughes, C., Peace, S., Van Meter, K. (eds) (2010) Uses of a WorldWind, Movement, Movements, and Contemporary Radical Currents in the United...
  • Federici, S. (2012). Revolution at point zero. Housework, reproduction, and feminist struggle, Oakland: PM Press & Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia;...
  • García, A. (2015). El proceso constituyente de Podemos, camino hacia la verticalidad, enlucha, 04/01/2015, http://goo.gl/lblBt4, accessed...
  • Giovanopoulos, C. & Mitropoulos, D. (eds) (2011). Δημοκρατία under construction, Athens: A/Synecheia.
  • Graeber, D. (2012). The Democracy Project. A History, a Crisis, a Movement, London & New York: Penguin.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks, ed. and trans. Q. Hoare and G. Nowell Smith, London: Lawrence and Wishart.
  • Haiven, M., Khasnabish, A. (2014). The radical imagination, London: Zed Books.
  • Harcourt, B. (2011). Occupy Wall Street’s Political Disobedience, The New York Times, 13 October 2011, http://goo.gl/HVE0RM, accessed 02/12/...
  • Hardt, M., Negri, A. (2004). Multitude. War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, London: Penguin.
  • Juris, J. S. (2005). Social forums and their margins: networking logics and the cultural politics of autonomous space, ephemera: theory &...
  • Klein, N., Marom, Y. (2012). Why Now? What’s Next? Naomi Klein and Yotam Marom in Conversation About Occupy Wall Street, The Nation, 9 January...
  • Laclau, E. (2000a). Structure, History and the Political, in Butler, J., Laclau, E. and Žižek, S., Contingency, Hegemony, Universality,...
  • Laclau, E. (2000b). Identity and Hegemony, in Butler, J., Laclau, E. and Žižek, S., Contingency, Hegemony, Universality, London & New...
  • Lash, S. (2007). Power after Hegemony. Cultural Studies in Mutation?, Theory, Culture & Society 24 (3): 55-78.
  • Linebaugh, P. (2008). The Magna Carta Manifesto. Liberties and Commons for all, Berkeley, LA: University of California Press.
  • Linebaugh, P. (2014). Stop Thief! The Commons, Enclosures, and Resistance, Oakland: PM Press.
  • Lloriente, D. (2014). Podemos: A Monolothic, Vertical, and Hierarchical Party?, tendancecoatesy.wordpress.com, 22/11/ 2014, https://goo.gl/LFq5WP,...
  • Lorey, I. (2014). The 2011 Occupy Movements: Rancière and the Crisis of Democracy, Theory, Culture & Society 31(7/8): 43–65.
  • Manin, B. (1997). The Principles of Representative Government, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Midnight Notes Collective (2009). Promissory Notes: From Crisis to Commons, http://www.midnightnotes.org/mnpublic.html, accessed 28/03/2017.
  • Mouffe, C. (2005). On the Political, London & New York: Routledge.
  • Mouffe, C. (2013). Agonistics, London & New York: Verso.
  • Nez, H. (2012). Among Militants and Deliberative Laboratories: The Indignados, in Tejerina, B., Perugorria, I. (eds) From Social to Political,...
  • Nunes, R. (2014). Organisation of the organisationless: Collective action after networks, Leuphana: Mute/Post-Media Lab.
  • Pitkin, H. F. (1972). The Concept of Representation, Berkeley & London: University of California Press.
  • Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ostrom, E. (2005). Understanding Institutional Diversity, Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Ostrom, E. (2008). Tragedy of the Commons, in Durlauf, S.N., Blume, L.E. (eds) The new Palgrave dictionary of economics, Hampshire: Palgrave.
  • Ostrom, E. (2010a). Polycentric systems for coping with collective action and global environmental change, Global Environmental Change 20...
  • Ostrom, E. (2010b). Beyond markets and states: polycentric governance of complex economic systems, Transnational Corporations Review 2 (2):...
  • Ostrom. E., & Andersson, K. P. (2008). Analyzing decentralized resource regimes from a polycentric perspective, Policy sciences 41 (1):...
  • Ostrom, E. & Hess, C. (eds) (2011). Understanding Knowledge as a Commons, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Pitkin, H. (1972). The Concept of Representation, Berkeley & London, University of California Press.
  • Poteete, A.R, Janssen, M.A. & Ostrom, E. (2010). Working Together. Collective Action, the Commons, and Multiple Methods in Practice, Princeton,...
  • Prentoulis, M. & Thomassen, L. (2013). Political theory in the square: Protest, representation and subjectification, Contemporary Political...
  • Rucht, D. (2015). Types and patterns of intragroup controversies, in della Porta, D, Rucht,
  • Rucht, D. (eds) (2015) Meeting Democracy. Power and deliberation in Global Justice Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sitrin, M., Azzellini, D. (2014). They can’t represent us. Reinventing democracy from Greece to Occupy, London & New York: Verso.
  • Stavrides, S. (2012). Squares in Movement, South Atlantic Quarterly 111 (3): 585-596.
  • Tormey, S. (2015). The end of representative politics, Cambridge: Polity
  • Zibechi, R. (2010). Dispersing power, trans. R. Ryan, Oakland: AK Press.