Éxitos y fracasos de la aplicación de la reforma del sector de seguridad (ssr) a las fuerzas afganas de seguridad nacional (ansf)

• fernández alfaro, josé antonio ^[1]
  1. [1] MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA
• Localización: Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, ISSN-e 2255-3479, Nº. 4, 2014
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Successes and failures of the implementation of the security sector reform (ssr) in the afghan national security forces (ansf)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1 (pdf)   2 (pdf) 
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Desde 2001, la presencia de fuerzas militares internacionales en Afganistán ha sido continua, En principio lideradas por Estados Unidos, mediante el Combined Security Transition Command–Afghanistan (CSTC-A) junto al NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan (NTM-A), han sido capaces de crear las actuales Fuerzas Afganas de Seguridad Nacional (ANSF).Podemos afirmar que ahora están cohesionadas y son capaces de frenar a la insurgencia, proporcionando estabilidad y seguridad, como hemos constatado durante las elecciones presidenciales de abril y junio. Pero también adolecen de graves deficiencias que han de solucionarse en los próximos años.Hay a finales de 2014 tres hechos trascendentes: ISAF finalizará sus actividades, la OTAN iniciará su misión Resolute Support y las ANSF asumirán por completo la seguridad del país, cada vez con menos apoyo de la Comunidad Internacional. El momento es pues propicio para analizar los éxitos y fracasos de aplicar el modelo teórico de SSR a las ANSF, al Ejército Nacional afgano (Afghan National Army, ANA), y los desafíos a los que se enfrentará en la denominada Década de Transformación (2015-2024)

  • English

    International military forces have maintained a continuous presence in Afghanistan since 2001. Led by the United States through the Combined Security Transition Command–Afghanistan (CSTC-A), and together with the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan (NTM-A), these international military forces created the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) we see today.The Forces are now indeed cohesive and are capable of stopping insurgency and providing both stability and security, as was shown during the presidential elections in April and June. But they also have very serious deficits which will need to be resolved over the coming years.Three major events will take place at the end of 2014: ISAF will finalise their activities, NATO will start its Resolute Support mission, and the ANSF will take over complete responsibility for the security of the country, with less and less support from the international community. The time is now ripe, therefore, to analyse the successes and failures of the implementation of the SSR technical model in the ANSF and, more specifically, in the Afghan National Army (ANA), and to look at the challenges they will face during the so-called Transformation Decade (2015-2024)

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Arteaga, Félix y Carlota García Encinas (2010). Las Fuerzas de Seguridad de Afganistán: ¿listas para el relevo?. Documento de trabajo 31/2010...
  • Ball, N. (2007). Reforming security sector governance. Conflict, Security & Development , 4 (3), 509-527.
  • Brzoska, M. (2006). Introduction: Criteria for evaluating post-conflict reconstruction and security sector reform in peace support operations....
  • Byrd, William A. (2014). Revisiting Chicago. The Critical Need To Maintain Support For Afghanistan’s National Security Forces Post-2014. United...
  • Cady, Jean-Christian, (2003). The United Nations and Security Sector Reform in Kosovo. Security Sector Reform: Its relevance for conflict...
  • CNA’s Center for Strategic Studies Independent (2014). Assessment of the AfghanNational Security Forces. CNA’s Center for Strategic Studies,...
  • Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos (2014). Report on Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan.
  • Ebo, A. (2007). The role of security sector refom in sustainable development: donors policy trends and challenges. Conflict, Security &...
  • Friesendorf, C. (2011). Paramilitarization and Security Sector Reform: The Afghan National Police. International Peacekeeping , 18 (1), 79-95.
  • Hills, A. (2007). Defence diplomacy and security sector reform. Contemporary Security Policy, 21 (1), 46-67.
  • Hodes, C., & Sedra, M. (2007). Security Sector Reform. En C. Hodes, & M. Sedra, The search for security in Post-Taliban Afghanistan...
  • Jackson, P. (2011). Security Sector Reform and State Building. Third World Quaterly, 32:10, 1803-1822.
  • Jackson, P. (2011). Jane´s World Armies (2014). Afghanistan. https://janes.ihs.com/CustomPages/Janes/DisplayPage.aspx?DocType=Reference&ItemId=+++1319169.
  • Military Balance 2014.International Institute for Strategic Studies. Ministerio de Defensa español. (2010). Cuadernos de Estrategia nº 147....
  • Ministerio de Defensa español. (2013). Cuaderno de Estrategia nº 164. “Afganistán después de la ISAF”. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa español.
  • OECD. (2005). DAC Guidelines and Reference Series. Security Sector Reform and Governance. OECD. Paris www.oecd.org/dataoecd/8/39/31785288.pdf.
  • OECD. (2007). The OECD DAC Hanbook on Security Sector Reform (SSR): Suporting Security and Justice. OECD. Paris.
  • Sarah Meharg, A. A. (Jan 2010). Security Sector Reform: A case study Approach to transition and capacity building. (S. Merrill, Ed.) Pennsilvania,...
  • Sedra, M. (2006). Security Sector Reform in Afgahanistan: The slide towards expediency. International Peacekeeping , 13 (1), 94-110.
  • Sedra, M. (2013). The hollowing-out of the liberal project in Afghanistan: the case of security sector reform. Central Asian Survey , 32 (3),...
  • Thruelsen, P. D. (2011). Security sector stabilisation in counterinsurgency operations: the case of Afghanistan. Small wars & insurgencies...
  • United Nations (2012). SSR Perspective. Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions. Security Sector...
  • Williams, R. A. (2006). Security Sector Reform: Bringing the private in. Conflict, Security & Development , 6 (1), 1-23.
  • Zartman, W. (1995). Introduction: Posing the Problem of State Collapse. En W. Zartman, Collapsed States: the desintegration and Restoration...