Justicia social y sistemas económicos: sobre Rawls, socialismo democrático y alternativas al capitalismo

• Martín O'Neill ^[2] ; Pablo Aguayo ^[1] ; Lucía Del Villar ^[1] ; Benjamín Sobarzo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Chile

     Universidad de Chile

     Santiago, Chile

     
  2. [2] Universty of York
• Localización: Mutatis Mutandis: Revista Internacional de Filosofía, ISSN-e 0719-4773, Nº. 17, 2021, págs. 67-99
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.69967/07194773.v1i17.333
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen

  • La preocupación central del presente ensayo es la pregunta por cuál es el sistema económico que se necesitaríapara realizar los principios de justicia social elaborados por John Rawls. Hasta este punto, los debatessobre la democracia de propietarios (property-owning democracy) y socialismo liberal (liberal socialism) hansido tratados de manera esquemática en diversos aspectos y, por ello, han errado en identificar algunosde los problemas más importantes respecto a las relaciones entre justicia social y sistemas e institucioneseconómicas. En general, lo que está en juego entre sistemas económicos capitalistas y socialistas no seidentifica con una simple decisión unidimensional, sino que más bien con un rango de opciones dentrode un espectro de distintas dimensiones. De esta manera, este ensayo tiene un objetivo dual: en primerlugar, busca proveer de consideraciones más sofisticadas en este territorio normativo, de la misma formaque pretende mostrar cómo todas las cuestiones relativas a la economía democrática, desmercantilización ylímites de los mercados, así como el rol de la planificación democrática de la economía, levantan preguntassobre la justicia que no se encuentran bien capturadas por la óptica que centra dichos problemas meramenteen la pregunta por la propiedad. En segundo lugar, su propósito es mostrar cómo la defensa del socialismodemocrático puede ser desarrollada a partir de fundamentos rawlsianos de forma tal que pueda ser sensiblea las relaciones normativas entre el liberalismo igualitario rawlsiano y las preocupaciones del pensamientopolítico socialista, de manera que atienda cuidadosamente a los distintos tipos de elementos institucionalesque una sociedad democrática estable y justa requeriría. Considerando estos objetivos conjuntamente, laesperanza es que podamos avanzar hacia un debate más enriquecido respecto de las vías en que la realizaciónde las instituciones socialistas democráticas pueda verse como un requerimiento de la justicia social

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