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Despite a plethora of studies that demonstrate the positive impact of strategic human resource management on firm performance, existing knowledge of the processes through which such gains can be achieved remains limited. This study aims to extend our knowledge by investigating the mechanism through which a teamwork-oriented executive strategic human resource management system impacts organizational ambidexterity. Specifically, by integrating the resource-based view and information-processing theory, we examine the mediating role of top management team effectiveness and the moderating role of knowledge-sharing intensity from middle managers to top management teams. Drawing on a multiple-source and multiple-respondent survey from 144 manufacturing firms in China, we show that top management team effectiveness partially mediates the effect of the executive strategic human resource management system on organizational ambidexterity. Moreover, knowledge-sharing intensity from middle managers to top management teams strengthens the effect of the executive strategic human resource management system on organizational ambidexterity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
