When sentence meaning biases another language: an eye-tracking investigation of cross-language activation during second language reading

• Tarin, Karla ^[1] ; Hernández-Rivera, Esteban ^[1] ; Iniesta, Antonio ^[1] ; Palma, Pauline ^[1] ; Whitford, Veronica ^[2] ; Titone, Debra ^[1]
  1. [1] McGill University

     McGill University

     Canadá

     
  2. [2] University of New Brunswick

     University of New Brunswick

     Canadá

     
• Localización: Bilingualism: Language and cognition, ISSN 1366-7289, Vol. 29, Nº 2, 2026, págs. 354-366
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/s1366728925000380
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Bilingual adults use semantic context to manage cross-language activation while reading. An open question is how lexical, contextual and individual differences simultaneously constrain this process. We used eye-tracking to investigate how 83 French–English bilinguals read L2-English sentences containing interlingual homographs (chat) and control words (pact). Between subjects, sentences biased target language or non-target language meanings (English = conversation; French = feline). Both conditions contained unbiased control sentences. We examined the impact of word- and participant-level factors (cross-language frequency and L2 age of acquisition/AoA and reading entropy, respectively). There were three key results: (1) L2 readers showed global homograph interference in late-stage reading (total reading times) when English sentence contexts biased non-target French homograph meanings; (2) interference increased as homographs’ non-target language frequency increased and L2 AoA decreased; (3) increased reading entropy globally facilitated early-stage reading (gaze durations) in the non-target language bias condition. Thus, cross-language activation during L2 reading is constrained by multiple factors.

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