Repensar la política docente en la era de la inteligencia artificial: evidencia para la acción

• Ezequiel Molina ^[1] ; Cristóbal Cobo ^[1]
  1. [1] Banco Mundial
• Localización: Papeles de economía española, ISSN 0210-9107, Nº 184, 2025 (Ejemplar dedicado a: La inteligencia artificial en el sistema educativo), págs. 44-63
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La creciente adopción educativa de aplicaciones con inteligencia artificial (IA) ofrece oportunidades prometedoras, pero plantea interrogantes aún por responder. Este artículo examina cómo las aplicaciones de IA transforman la profesión docente, utilizando como marco los principios de políticas docentes efectivas del Banco Mundial. Se analizan aplicaciones actuales, como chatbots vocacionales, mentoría para docentes noveles, análisis de voz para retroalimentación, optimización de tareas administrativas y planificación de lecciones asistida por IA. Se evalúa la evidencia sobre su efectividad y se identifican tendencias emergentes, desafíos y brechas de investigación. El artículo concluye enfatizando el potencial de la IA para complementar, no reemplazar, al docente, y la necesidad de una integración ética, contextualizada y basada en evidencia.

  • English

    The growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in education offers promising opportunities but also raises unanswered questions. This article examines how AI applications are transforming the teaching profession, using the World Bank’s effective teacher policy principles as a framework. Current applications such as vocational chatbots, mentoring for novice teachers, voice analysis for feedback, administrative task optimization, and AI-assisted lesson planning are analyzed. Evidence on their effectiveness is evaluated, and emerging trends, challenges, and research gaps are identified. The article concludes by emphasizing the potential of AI to complement, not replace, teachers, and the need for ethical, context- aware, evidence-based integration

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