Inteligencia artificial y empleo: una reflexión aplicada al mercado laboral español

• Luis Moreno-Izquierdo ^[1] ; Aimée Torres-Penalva ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat d'Alacant

     Universitat d'Alacant

     Alicante, España

     
• Localización: Información Comercial Española, ICE: Revista de economía, ISSN 0019-977X, ISSN-e 2340-8790, Nº 938, 2025 (Ejemplar dedicado a: La transformación digital en la economía en España. Una visión en 2025), págs. 131-143
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.32796/ice.2025.938.7892
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Artificial intelligence and employment: a reflection applied to the Spanish labour market
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo aborda los efectos de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el empleo, explorando la dualidad entre creación y destrucción de puestos de trabajo desde una perspectiva histórica y teórica. A través de un modelo basado en agentes, se proponen tres factores clave que determinan el impacto de la IA: la tasa de automatización, la capacidad de reconversión laboral y la creación de nuevos empleos. Con base en este marco teórico, se analizan las características del mercado laboral español y sus retos frente a la automatización, destacando la importancia de políticas educativas, incentivos empresariales y estrategias redistributivas para adaptarse al entorno cambiante. El estudio concluye que una adecuada combinación de innovación tecnológica y apoyo gubernamental será crucial para maximizar los beneficios de la IA y minimizar sus riesgos sobre el empleo en España

  • English

    This article addresses the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment, exploring the duality between job creation and job destruction from a historical and theoretical perspective. Using an agent-based model, it proposes three key factors that determine the impact of AI: the rate of automation, the capacity for job retraining and the creation of new jobs. Based on this theoretical framework, the characteristics of the Spanish labour market and its challenges in the face of automation are analysed, highlighting the importance of educational policies, business incentives and redistributive strategies to adapt to the changing environment. The study concludes that an appropriate combination of technological innovation and government support will be crucial to maximise the benefits of AI and minimise its risks for employment in Spain

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