Linking e-leadership to innovative and proactive work behaviors in tourism higher education institutions: a moderated mediation model using SEM

• Said, Heba ^[1] ; Kamel, Noha Ahmed ^[1]
  1. [1] Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Egypt,
• Localización: Tourism & Management Studies, ISSN-e 2182-8466, ISSN 2182-8458, Vol. 19, Nº. 4, 2023, págs. 47-60
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.18089/tms.2023.190404
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Vinculando a e-liderançaa comportamentos de trabalho inovadores e proativos em instituições de ensino superior de turismo: um modelo de mediação moderada utilizando SEM
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • English

    E-leaders should encourage academics to manage their multi-dimensional work requirements and even to go beyond these requirements to innovate in their tasks and achieve sustainable development in educational institutions. This study aims to examine the relationship between e-leadership, innovative work behavior and proactive work behavior in the presence of work engagement as a mediator. Researchers implemented a quantitative methodology. This study used data from an online survey of 398 academics in Egyptian tourism higher education institutions. The results of structural equation modeling presented strong support for the proposed model. E-leadership has been proven to affect innovative and proactive work behavior among academic staff positively. Work engagement has shown an effective and significant mediating role between the examined variables. Further, the academic department was proven to moderate the relation between e-leadership and innovative work behavior, while age had no moderation effect in this relation. The study draws researchers’ attention to the role of e-leadership in helping academics to cope with the dynamic nature of research and education.

  • português

    Os e-líderesdevem incentivar os académicos a gerir as suas diversas exigências de trabalho e até mesmo ir além dessas exigências para inovar e alcançar umdesenvolvimento sustentável em instituições educacionais. Este estudo visaexaminar a relação entre a e-liderança, o comportamento de trabalho inovador e o comportamento de trabalho proativo tendo o empenho no trabalho como mediador. Os pesquisadores implementaram uma metodologia quantitativa. Os dados foram recolhidos através de uma pesquisa online com 398 académicos de instituições de ensino superior de turismo no Egito. Os resultados da modelação de equações estruturais forneceram forte suporte para o modelo proposto. Foi comprovado que a e-liderança tem uma relação positiva tanto com o comportamento de trabalho inovador como com o comportamento de trabalho proativo. O empenho no trabalho mostrou ter um papel mediador eficaz e significativo entre as variáveis examinadas. Além disso, foi comprovado que o departamento académico modera a relação entre a e-liderança e o comportamento de trabalho inovador, enquanto a idade não teve efeito de moderação nessa relação. O estudo chama a atenção para o papel da e-liderança em ajudar os académicos a lidar com a natureza dinâmica da investigação e da educação.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Afsar, B., Al-Ghazali, B.M., Cheema S., & Javed, F. (2021). Cultural intelligence and innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement...
  • Afthanorhan, W. M. A. B. W., Ahmad, S., & Mamat, I. (2014). Pooled confirmatory factor analysis (PCFA) using structural equation modeling...
  • Agarwal, U.A. (2014a). Examining the impact of social exchange relationships on innovative work behavior: Role of work engagement. Team Performance...
  • Agarwal, U.A. (2014b). Linking justice, trust and innovative work behavior to work engagement. Personnel Review, 43 (1), 41-73. http://doi/...
  • Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes. 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Akram, T., Lei, S., Haider, M. J.(2016) .The impact of relational leadership on employee innovative work behavior in IT industry of China....
  • Ali, H., Li, M., & Qiu, X. (2022). Employee engagement and innovative work behavior among Chinese millennials: mediating and moderating...
  • Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O. and Beligiannis, G.N. (2020), Leadership types and digital leadership in higher education:...
  • Arshad, M., Qasim, N., Farooq, O., & Rice, J. (2021). Empowering leadership and employees’ work engagement: A social identity theory perspective....
  • Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., & Baker, B. (2014). E-leadership: Re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission....
  • Awang, Z.(2015). SEM made simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural Equation Modeling. MPWS Rich Publication.
  • Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement....
  • Barhite, B. (2017). The effects of virtual leadership communication on employee engagement, PhD Thesis in Education, College of Bowling Green,...
  • Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). Moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and...
  • Bilal, Muhammad et al. (2021), Entrepreneurial leadership and employees' proactive behavior: Fortifying self-determination theory. Journal...
  • Birdi, K., Leach, D., & Magadley, W. (2016). The relationship of individual capabilities and environmental support with different facets...
  • Brien, A. R., Suhartanto, D., Sarah, I. S., Suhaeni, T., Setiawan, S., & Raksayudha, A. M. F. (2021). The role of religiosity on employee...
  • Buila, I., Martínezb, E., & Matutec, J. (2018). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement...
  • Byrne, B. (2010). Structural equation modelling with AMOS. New York: Routledge.
  • Chong, S.H., Dyne, L.V., Kim, Y. J., & Oh ,J. K. (2021). Drive and direction: empathy with intended targets moderates the proactive personality–job...
  • Christian, M.S., Garza, A.S., & Slaughter, J.E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and...
  • Coombes, B. (2009). Generation Y: Are they really digital natives or more like digital refugees. Synergy, 7(1), 31-40.
  • Das Gupta,P. ( 2011) . Literature Review: e-leadership. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 4(1), 1- 36.
  • Decuypere, A., & Schaufeli, W. (2020). Leadership and work engagement: Exploring explanatory mechanisms. German Journal of Human Resource...
  • Elyousfi, F., Anand, A., & Dalmasso, A. (2021). Impact of e-leadership and team dynamics on virtual team performance in a public organization....
  • Erhan,T., Uzunbacak, H. H., & Aydin, E.(2022). From conventional to digital leadership: exploring digitalization of leadership and innovative...
  • Fornell, C.G. & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal...
  • Garg, S., & Dhar, R. (2017). Employee service innovative behavior: The roles of leader-member exchange (LMX), work engagement, and job...
  • Ghanizadeh, A., & Jahedizadeh, S. (2016). EFL teachers’ teaching style, creativity and burnout: a path analysis approach. Cogent Education,...
  • Gruman, J.A., & Saks, A.M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004
  • Gul, N., Qurbanb, R., Anwerc, N., Muhammad, & Hussaine, S. (2021). Impact of participative leadership on proactive work behaviour: The...
  • Gumusluoglu L. & Ilsev A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research,...
  • Gumusluoglu, L., Karakitapo?lu-Aygün, Z., Scandura, T.A. (2017). A multilevel examination of benevolent leadership and innovative behavior...
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Gabriel, M., & Patel, V. (2014). AMOS covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM): Guidelines on its application...
  • He, G., Wang, Y., Zheng, Xinnian, G., & Zisheng, Z.Y. (2021). Linking paternalistic leadership to work engagement among Chinese expatriates:...
  • Iqbal, A., Latif, K.F. & Ahmad, M.S. (2020). Servant leadership and employee innovative behavior: Exploring psychological pathways. The...
  • Iqbal, A., Nazir, T., Ahmad, M.S. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership and employee innovative behavior: an examination through multiple theoretical...
  • Iriqat, R. A., & Khalaf, D. M. (2017). Using e-leadership as a strategic tool in enhancing organizational commitment of virtual teams...
  • Janssen O. (2004). How fairness perceptions make innovative behavior more or less stressful. Journal of Organizational Behavior 25(2), 201–215....
  • Kandil, M. A., & Abd-Elmonem, M. M. (2021). The effect of virtual leadership practices on work engagement during COVID-19. Delta University...
  • Kim, M.S. & Koo, D.W. (2017). Linking LMX, engagement, innovative behavior, and job performance in hotel employees. International Journal...
  • Kwon, K. & Kim, K. (2020). An integrative literature review of employee engagement and innovative behavior: Revisiting the JD-R model....
  • Lee, A., Legood, A., Hughes, D., Tian, A.W., Newman, A. & Knight, C. (2020). Leadership, creativity and innovation: A meta-analytic review....
  • Litvinenko, V.S. (2020). Digital economy as a factor in the technological development of the mineral sector. Natural Resources Research, 29(3),...
  • Maciel, A.G., Carraro, N.C., de Sousa, M. A. B., & Sanches, A. C. (2017). Análise do teletrabalho no Brasil. Revista Gestão Empresarial,...
  • Maden-Eyiusta, C. (2016). Job resources, engagement, and proactivity: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(8),...
  • Malik, S.D., & Wilson, D.O. (1995). Factors influencing engineers' perceptions of organizational support for innovation. Journal of...
  • Marica D.F.(2018). The contribution of work engagement over proactive personality and proactive work behavior. Studia Doctoralia. Psychology...
  • Masood, M., & Afsar, B. (2017). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior among nursing staff. Nursing Inquiry,24(4), 1-14....
  • Memon, M.A., Jun, H.C., Ting, H., & Francis, C.W. (2018). Mediation analysis issues and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural...
  • Mihardjo, L., Sasmoko, S., Alamsjah, F., & Elidjen, E. (2019). Digital leadership role in developing business model innovation and customer...
  • Mitchell, Ryan N. (2015), The correlation between virtual communication and employee engagement. PhD Thesis in Business Administration, Walden...
  • Mubarak, N., Khan, J., Yasmin, R., & Osmadi, A. (2021). The impact of a proactive personality on innovative work behavior: The role of...
  • Nazir, S., Shafi, A., Asadullah, M.A., Qun,W., & Khadim, S. (2021). Linking paternalistic leadership to follower’s innovative work behavior:...
  • Newman, S.A., & Ford, R.C. (2021). Five steps to leading your team in the virtual COVID-19 workplace. Organizational Dynamics, 50(1),...
  • Ngang, T.K., Prachak, B., Saowanee, T. (2013). Leadership soft skills of deans in three Malaysian Public Universities. Procedia - Social and...
  • Olson, K.E., O’Brien, M.A., Rogers, W.A., & Charness, N. (2011). Diffusion of technology: frequency of use for younger and older adults....
  • Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual (5th ed.). Sydney, NSW: Allen &Unwin.
  • Park, S. & Jo, S.J. (2018). The impact of proactivity, leader-member exchange, and climate for innovation on innovative behavior in the...
  • Park, Y.K., Song, J.H., Yoon, S.W., Kim,J. (2013). Learning organization and innovative behavior: The mediating effect of work engagement....
  • Parker, S.K., & Collins, C.G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management,...
  • Qi L., Liu B., Wei X., & Hu Y. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior: Perceived organizational support...
  • Razemba, N., & Devi, R. (2022). A conceptual study on virtual leadership in higher education beyond COVID-19 pandemic: overcoming challenges...
  • Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Rony, Z. T. (2019). Generation y challenges in becoming innovative leaders at organization in the 21st century. International Journal of Recent...
  • Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour....
  • Schaufeli, W.B., Martinez, I.M., Pinto, A.M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A.B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national...
  • Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D.N., & Belschak, F.D. (2016). Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation...
  • Scott S. G., & Bruce R. (1994). Creating innovative behavior among R&D professionals: the moderating effect of leadership on the relationship...
  • Sedrine, S., Bouderbal, A., & Nasraoui, H. (2021). Leadership style effect on virtual team efficiency: trust, operational cohesion and...
  • Silvas, S. (2016). Leader-follower attachment, psychological safety, transformational leadership practices: Adjunct Faculty. Doctoral dissertation,...
  • Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Social Methodology, 13, 290-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/270723
  • Steven, K. (2012). Sampling. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Thomas W.H.N.G., & Feldman, D.C. (2013). Age and innovation-related behavior: The joint moderating effects of supervisor undermining and...
  • Tian ,Q., & Sanchez, J.I. (2017). Does paternalistic leadership promote innovative behavior? The interaction between authoritarianism...
  • Volery, T. & Tarabashkina, L. (2021). The impact of organisational support, employee creativity and work centrality on innovative work...
  • Wang, H.M., & Li, X. (2021). Moderating multiple mediation model of the impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior....
  • Wang, Z. & Sun, C., & Cai, S. (2021). How exploitative leadership influences employee innovative behavior: the mediating role of relational...
  • Wang, Z., Meng, L., & Cai, S. (2019). Servant leadership and innovative behavior: a moderated mediation. Journal of Managerial Psychology,...
  • Wasono L. W., & Furinto A. (2018). The effect of digital leadership and innovation management for incumbent telecommunication company...
  • Wu, M., Zhang, L., Imran, M., Xu, J., & Yu, R. (2021). Impact of differential leadership on innovative behavior of employees: A double-edged...
  • Wu, T.J., & Wu, Y.J. (2019). Innovative work behaviors, employee engagement, and surface acting A delineation of supervisor-employee emotional...
  • Yamak, O.U., & Eyupoglu, S.Z. (2021). Authentic leadership and service innovative behavior: mediating role of proactive personality. Sage...
  • Yücebalkan, B. (2020). A view from the holistic perspective to current leadership: digital leadership þ green transformational leadership....
  • Zahoor, A. (2019). Employee proactivity, work engagement, job resources and service recovery performance: a study of structural linkages....
  • Zanin, N. (2018). The impact of leadership on virtual team satisfaction and viability: the role of performance monitoring and teamwork engagement....
  • Zeng, J., & Xu, G. (2020). Ethical leadership and young university teachers’ work engagement: a moderated mediation model. International...
  • Zhang, G., & Wang, Y. (2021). Organizational identification and employees’ innovative behavior: The mediating role of work engagement...