Unpaid labour in online freelancing platforms: between marketization strategies and self-employment regulation

• Marà, C. ^[1] ; Pulignano, V. ^[1]
  1. [1] KU Leuven

     KU Leuven

     Arrondissement Leuven, Bélgica

     
• Localización: Sociologia del lavoro, ISSN 0392-5048, N. 163, 2022, págs. 130-148
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.3280/SL2022-163007
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen

  • Sociology scholars have shown that unpaid labour is widespread in digital labour platform work, yet no study has shed light on the mechanisms generating unpaid work in the digital platform sector. This paper aims to fill this gap and points to the mechanisms produced at the interface between platforms' marketization strategies and the regulation of self-employment in national contexts to explain the way in which unpaid labour unfolds in online freelancing platform work. We base our argument on an empirical study that investigates work in four different online freelancing platforms and in four European countries, namely Italy, France, Belgium and Poland.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Altenried M. (2020). The platform as factory: Crowdwork and the hidden labour behind artificial intelligence. Capital & Class, 44(2):...
  • Berg J., Furrer M., Harmon E., Rani U., Silberman M.S. (2018). Digital labour platforms and the future of work: Towards decent work in the...
  • Casilli A.A. (2019). En attendant les robots: Enquête sur le travail du clic. Paris: Seuil.
  • Casilli A.A., Tubaro P., Le Ludec C., Coville M., Besenval M., Mouhtare T.. Wahal E. (2019). Le micro-travail en France. Derrière l’automatisation,...
  • Chicchi F. (2020). Beyond the ‘salary institution’: on the ‘society of performance’ and the platformisation of the employment relationship....
  • Cognilytica (2020). Data preparation and labeling for AI 2020. Report CGR-DLP20. Washington DC: Cognilytica.
  • Crouch C. (1997). Skills-based full employment: the latest philosopher’s stone. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 35(3): 367-391.
  • Crouch C., Finegold D., Sako M. (2001). Are Skills the Answer? The Political Economy of Skill Creation in Advanced Industrial Countries. Oxford:...
  • Denton E., Hanna A., Amironesei R., Smart A., Nicole H. (2021). On the genealogy of machine learning datasets: A critical history of ImageNet....
  • Difallah D., Filatova E., Ipeirotis P. (2018). Demographics and dynamics of Mechanical Turk workers. Proceedings of WSDM 2018: the Eleventh...
  • Ekbia H.R., Nardi B.A. (2017). Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
  • ENCOVI (2018). Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida. Caracas: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello.
  • ENCOVI (2021). Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida. Documento técnico. Caracas: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello.
  • Graham M., Anwar M. (2019). The global gig economy: towards a planetary labour market? First Monday, 24(4).
  • Gray M., Suri S. (2019). Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  • Grohmann R., Fernandes Araújo W. (2021). Beyond Mechanical Turk: The work of Brazilians on global AI platforms. In: P. Verdegem, ed., AI for...
  • Heuer H., Jarke J., Breiter A. (2021). Machine learning in tutorials – Universal applicability, underinformed application, and other misconceptions....
  • Honneth A. 1995 [1992]. The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • ILO (2021). World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work. Report. Geneva:...
  • Ipeirotis P. (2010). Demographics of Mechanical Turk. NYU Working Paper, CEDER-10-01.
  • Irani L. (2015). The cultural work of microwork. New Media & Society, 17(5): 720-739. DOI: 10.1177/146144481351192
  • Kässi O., Lehdonvirta V., Stephany F. (2021). How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessment [version 4; peer review:...
  • Lehdonvirta V., Kässi O., Hjorth I., Barnard H., Graham M. (2019). The global platform economy: A new offshoring institution enabling emerging-economy...
  • Lindquist J. (2018). Illicit economies of the Internet: Click farming in Indonesia and beyond. Made in China Journal, 3(4): 88-91.
  • OECD (2021). Education at a Glance 2021. Report. Paris: OECD.
  • Margaryan A. (2019b). Workplace learning in crowdwork: Comparing microworkers’ and online freelancers’ practices. Journal of Workplace Learning,...
  • Margaryan A., Charlton-Czaplicki T., Gadiraju U. (2020). Learning and Skill Development in Online Platform Work: Comparing Microworkers’ and...
  • Mavridis P., Gross-Amblard D., Miklós Z. (2016). Using hierarchical skills for optimized task assignment in knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing....
  • Mehrotra S. (2018). From the informal to the formal economy: Skills initiatives in India. In A. Sakamoto, J. Sung, eds., Skills and the future...
  • Mothobi O., Gillwald A., Schoentgen A. (2018). What Is The State Of Microwork in Africa? A View from Seven Countries. Report, Research ICT...
  • Newlands G. (2021). Lifting the curtain: Strategic visibility of human labour in AI-as-a-Service. Big Data and Society, 8(1). DOI: 10.1177/2053951721101602
  • Palmer R. (2017). Jobs and skills mismatch in the informal economy. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
  • Posada J. (2022, online first). Embedded reproduction in platform data work. Information, Communication & Society. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2022.2049849
  • Schmidt F. (2019). Crowdproduktion von Trainingsdaten: Zur Rolle von Online-Arbeit beim Trainieren autonomer Fahrzeuge. Report, Düsseldorf:...
  • Tomaskovic-Devey D., Avent-Holt D. (2019). Relational Inequalities: An Organizational Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Tubaro P., Casilli A.A. (2019). Micro-work, artificial intelligence and the automotive industry. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics,...
  • Tubaro P., Casilli A.A., Coville M. (2020a). The trainer, the verifier, the imitator: Three ways in which human platform workers support artificial...
  • Tubaro P., Le Ludec C., Casilli A.A. (2020b). Counting ‘micro-workers’: societal and methodological challenges around new forms of labour....
  • Tubaro P. (2021). Disembedded or deeply embedded? A multi-level network analysis of online labour platforms. Sociology, 55(5): 927-944. DOI:...
  • Tubaro P., Casilli A.A. (2022). Human listeners and virtual assistants: privacy and labor arbitrage in the production of smart technologies....
  • Tubaro P., Coville M., Le Ludec C., Casilli A.A. (2022). Hidden inequalities: the gendered labour of women on micro-tasking platforms. Internet...
  • UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals Data. -- Available at: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
  • Wood A.J., Graham M., Lehdonvirta V., Hjorth I. (2019). Networked but commodified: The (dis)embeddedness of digital labour in the gig economy....