Pueblo, líder y maquinaria política: populismo e institucionalismo en los orígenes del partido demócrata estadounidense.

• Marcos Reguera ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

     Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

     Leioa, España

     
• Localización: Pensamiento al margen: revista digital sobre las ideas políticas, ISSN-e 2386-6098, Nº. 17, 2022-2023 (Ejemplar dedicado a: ¿Qué es una institución?), págs. 62-83
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • People, leader and political machinery: populism and institutionalism in the origins of the U.S. Democratic Party.
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo tratará sobre la difícil interacción entre populismo e institucionalismo en el nacimiento del partido demócrata estadounidense. El partido demócrata surgió como una maquinaria electoral entre 1824 y 1832 de cara a las elecciones presidenciales del general Andrew Jackson, y como medio de promoción de una política igualitaria para los varones blancos moldeada a través de un ideal de sociedad republicano-agrario. La figura de Jackson y la ideología agraria del partido fueron dos puntales fundamentales en la configuración de un movimiento populista estadounidense que buscaba consolidar las conquistas democráticas logradas durante las décadas precedentes. Por otra parte, la estrategia política y de reforma partidista operada por Martin Van Buren en el partido republicano de Jefferson transformaron la institución del partido político, inventando en el proceso la maquinaria electoral democrática. De esta manera, en el nacimiento del partido demócrata, populismo e institucionalismo lejos de contraponerse supusieron dos ingredientes fundamentales a la hora de configurar la política partidista democrática tal y como la conocemos hoy en día.

  • English

    This paper will discuss the difficult balance between populism and institutionalism in the birth of the American Democratic Party. The Democratic Party emerged as an electoral machine between 1824 and 1832 in the context of the presidential elections of General Andrew Jackson, and as a means of promoting an egalitarian policy for white males shaped by an ideal of an agrarian-republican society. The figure of Jackson and the agrarian ideology of the party were two fundamental pillars in the configuration of an American populist movement, which sought to consolidate the democratic gains achieved during the preceding decades. On the other hand, the political and party reform operated by Martin Van Buren in Jefferson's Republican Party transformed the political party institution, inventing in the process the democratic electoral machinery. Thus, in the birth of the Democratic party, populism and institutionalism, far from opposing each other, were two fundamental ingredients in shaping democratic party politics as we know it today.

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