Inovação, Burocracia e Corrupção: Uma Análise do Global Innovation Index

• Aldemir Freire Moreira ^[1] ; Ezequiel Alves Lobo ^[1] ; Elda Fontenele Tahim ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade Estadual do Ceará

     Universidade Estadual do Ceará

     Brasil

     
• Localización: GECONTEC: revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología, ISSN-e 2255-5684, Vol. 10, Nº. 3, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Especial ALTEC), págs. 51-68
• Idioma: portugués
• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7054356
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Innovation, Bureaucracy and Corruption: An Analysis of the Global Innovation Index
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • English

    This paper aims to verify if the bureaucracy and corruption factors installed in a country significantly impact its level of innovation. To this end, 99 (ninety-nine) countries that have different levels of bureaucracy are compared, which are combined with countries with high to low degrees of corruption, and it is verified how these countries behave within the world innovation ranking measured by the Global Innovation Index (GII-2020). Through the statistical comparison of averages of the innovation levels of the countries in the sample it was concluded that bureaucracy does not seem to affect a country's innovation in a major way. The other conclusion here is that there seems to be a significant inverse relationship between a country's degree of corruption and its level of innovation. In the Brazilian case, where these two factors are too high, this study has importance to be able to indicate which of these two factors should be mitigated by the public power in order to improve the country's performance in the world innovation scene.

  • português

    Este trabalho objetiva verificar se os fatores burocracia e corrupção instalados em um país impactam de forma significativa o seu nível de inovação. Para tanto são comparados 99 (noventa e nove) países que têm diversos níveis de burocracia os quais são combinados com países com elevados a reduzidos graus de corrupção e se verifica como estes países estão comportados dentro do ranking de inovação mundial mensurados pelo Global Innovation Index (GII-2020). Através da comparação estatística de médias dos níveis de inovação dos países da amostra se concluiu que a burocracia parece não afetar a inovação de um país de forma importante. A outra conclusão aqui defendida é que parece haver uma relação inversa significativa entre o grau de corrupção de um país e o seu nível de inovação. No caso brasileiro, onde estes dois fatores são demasiadamente elevados, este estudo tem importância a poder indicar qual destes dois fatores deve ser mitigado pelo poder público no objetivo de melhorar a performance do País no cenário mundial da inovação.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Araújo, E. C. C., dos Santos Rodrigues, V. R., Monte-Mor, D. S., & Correia, R. D. (2018). Corrupção e valor de mercado: os efeitos da...
  • Anokhin, S., & Schulze, W. S. (2009). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of business venturing, 24(5), 465-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.06.001.
  • Barasa, L. (2018). Corruption, transaction costs, and innovation in Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development,...
  • Bbaale, E., Okumu, I. M. (2021). Corruption and firm-level productivity: greasing or sanding effect? World Journal of Entepreneurship, Management...
  • Boll, J. L. S. (2010). A corrupção governamental no Brasil: construção de indicadores e análise da sua incidência relativa nos estados brasileiros...
  • Bugarin, M., & Meneguin, F. B. (2016). Incentivos à corrupção e à inação no serviço público: Uma análise de desenho de mecanismos. Estudos...
  • Caiden, G., & Dwivedi, O. (2001). "Official Ethics and Corruption". In Where Corruption Lives, Caiden G.; G. Dwivedi; Jabbra J.,...
  • Cohen, B. J. (1999). Fostering innovation in a large human services bureaucracy. Administration in Social Work, 23(2), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v23n02_04.
  • Corruption perceptions index. (2019). Transparência Internacional. Disponível em: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2019/index/results.
  • Delavallade, C. (2006). Corruption and distribution of public spending in developing countries. Journal of economics and finance, 30(2), 222-239....
  • Dougherty, D., & Corse, S. M. (1995). When it comes to product innovation, what is so bad about bureaucracy?. The Journal of High Technology...
  • Ellis, J., & Smith, J. (2019) Corruption and Corporate Innovation. Published online by Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Faría, H. J., Montesinos-Yufa, H. M., Morales, D. R., Aviles B, C. G., & Brito-Bigott, O. (2013). Does corruption cause encumbered business...
  • Gambetta, D. (1993). The Sicilian Mafia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-italy/article/abs/diego-gambetta-the-sicilian-mafia-the-business-of-private-protection-harvard-university-press-cambridge-mass-1993-335-pp-isbn-0674807413-2495-hbk/2185D7FD0353327929C4DAA13E7251FB.
  • Global Innovation Report- GII (2021). Disponível em https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/Home
  • Goedhuys, M., Mohnen, P., & Taha, T. (2016). Corruption, innovation and firm growth: firm-level evidence from Egypt and Tunisia. Eurasian...
  • Gomide, A. D. Á., Machado, R. A., & Lins, R. D. S. (2022). The Variation of Bureaucratic Capacities in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration:...
  • Graaf, G. de. (2003). Tractable Morality. Customer Discourses of Bankers, Veterinarians and Charity Workers. Rotterdam: Erim. https://repub.eur.nl/pub/1038/.
  • Habiyaremye, A., & Raymond, W. (2013). Transnational corruption and innovation in transition economie. Disponível em: https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/wppdf/2013/wp2013-050.pdf
  • Habiyaremye, A., & Raymond, W. (2018). How do foreign firms’ corruption practices affect innovation performance in hosts countries? Industry-level...
  • Heywood, P. (1997). Political corruption: Problems and perspectives. Political studies, 45(3), 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00089.
  • Hlavacek, J. D., & Thompson, V. A. (1973). Bureaucracy and new product innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 16(3), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.5465/254998.
  • Hoinaru, R., Buda, D., Borlea, S. N., Văidean, V. L., & Achim, M. V. (2020). The impact of corruption and shadow economy on the economic...
  • Hulten, M. V. (2002). Corruptie, Onbekend, Onbemind, Alomtegenwoordig. Amsterdam: Boom.
  • IBRE (2020). https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/como-o-brasil-se-situa-entre-maiores-economias-do-mundo-no-pos-covid
  • Kabadurmus, F. N. K., Sylwester, K. (2020). Corruption and innovation: the importance of competition. International Journal of Emerging Markets,...
  • Klitgaard, R. (1988). Controlling Corruption. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520911185/html.
  • Krammer, S. M. (2019). Greasing the wheels of change: Bribery, institutions, and new product introductions in emerging markets. Journal of...
  • Lakatos, E. M., & Marconi, M. A. (2002). Técnicas de Pesquisa: planejamento e execução de pesquisas, amostragens e técnicas de pesquisas,...
  • Kurer, O. (1993). Clientelism, corruption, and the allocation of resources. Public Choice, 77(2), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047869.
  • Lambsdorff, J. G. (2003). How corruption affects productivity. Kyklos, 56(4), 457-474. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1075.6477&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
  • Leff, N. H. (1964). Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption. American Behavioral Scientist, 8(3), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426400800303.
  • Leys, C. (1965). What is The Problem About Corruption? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 3(2), 215-230. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00023636.
  • Lima, L. V. A., Rufino, M. A., & Machado, M. R. (2019). Criando dificuldades para vender facilidades: corrupção, burocracia e crescimento...
  • Lachman, R. (1980). Toward Measurement of Entrepreneurial Tendencies. Management International Review, 20(2), 108–116. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40227523.
  • Luo, Y., & Junkunc, M. (2008). How private enterprises respond to government bureaucracy in emerging economies: the effects of entrepreneurial...
  • Mahagaonkar, P. (2008). Corruption and innovation: a grease or sand relationship? Disponível em: https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/25713.
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2011) Pesquisa de marketing: uma orientação aplicada. São Paulo: Bookman. https://proflam.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/resumo-livro-malhotra.pdf.
  • Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and Growth. The quarterly journal of economics. 110(3), 681-712. https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/110/3/681/1859244?login=false.
  • Melo, F. L. N. B. de, Sampaio, L. M. B. e Oliveira, R. L. de. (2022). Corrupção Burocrática e Empreendedorismo: Uma Análise Empírica dos Estados...
  • Méon, P., & Weill , L. (2010). Is Corruption an Efficient Grease? World Development, 38(3), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.004.
  • Martins, H. F. (1997). Burocracia e a revolução gerencial: a persistência da dicotomia entre política e administração. Escola Nacional de...
  • Mendoza, R. U., Lim, R. A., & Lopez, A. O. (2015). Grease or sand in the wheels of commerce? Firm level evidence on corruption and SMEs....
  • Mescon, T. S., & Montanari, J. R. (1981). The personalities of independent and franchise entrepreneurs: an empirical analysis of concepts....
  • Myrdal, G. (1968). Asian drama: an enquiry into the poverty of nations. The Australian quarterly, v. 40, n. 4, p. 118- 21, dez. 1968. https://doi.org/10.2307/1238331.
  • Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2015). Corruption: Good governance powers innovation. Nature News, 51(75), 295-310. https://www.nature.com/articles/518295a.
  • Nguyen, N. A., Doan, Q. H., Nguyen, N. M., & Tran-Nam, B. (2016). The impact of petty corruption on firm innovation in Vietnam. Crime,...
  • Olivieri, C. (2011). Os controles políticos sobre a burocracia. Revista de Administração Pública, 45(5), 1395-1424. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-76122011000500007.
  • Olsen, J. P. (2006). Maybe it is time to rediscover bureaucracy. Journal of public administration research and theory, 16(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui027.
  • Paunov, C. (2016). Corruption's asymmetric impacts on firm innovation. Journal of Development Economics, 118, 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.07.006.
  • Punch, M. (2000). Police corruption and its prevention. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8(3), 301-324. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008777013115.
  • Qian, Y., & Xu, C. (1998). Innovation and bureaucracy under soft and hard budget constraints. The Review of Economic Studies, 65(1), 151-164....
  • Rocha, L. A., Khan, A. S., Lima, P. V. P. S., Poz, M. E. S. D., & Oliveira, F. P. S. D. (2019). O" efeito nefasto" da corrupção...
  • Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Di Cataldo, M. (2015). Quality of government and innovative performance in the regions of Europe. Journal of Economic...
  • Rose-Ackerman, S. (1999). Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Thompson, V.A. (1965). Bureaucracy and innovation Administrative. Science Quarterly, 10(1), 1-20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2391646.
  • Fernández-Torres, Y., Gutiérrez-Fernández, M., & Ramajo-Hernandez, J. (2018). Business regulation and economic growth: The indirect effect...
  • Veracierto, M. (2008). Corruption and innovation. Economic Perspectives, 32(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=1096569.
  • Van Vu, H., Tran, T. Q., Van Nguyen, T., & Lim, S. (2018). Corruption, types of corruption and firm financial performance: New evidence...
  • Weber, M. (1921). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators (WWBI) | Data Catalog). (2019). Banco Mundial. Disponível em: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/worldwide-bureaucracy-indicators.
  • Xu, G., & Yano, G. (2017). How does anti-corruption affect corporate innovation? Evidence from recent anti-corruption efforts in China....