Increased trade openness, productivity, employment and wages: a difference-in-differences approach

• Silvia Adriana Peluffo Geronazzo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de la República

     Universidad de la República

     Uruguay

     
• Localización: Estudios Regionales en Economía, Población y Desarrollo: Cuadernos de Trabajo de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, ISSN 2007-3739, Vol. 6, Nº. 32, 2016 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Increased trade openness, productivity, employment and wages: a difference-in-differences approach), págs. 1-2
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20983/epd.2016.32.1
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen

  • En este trabajo se analiza el efecto del aumento de la competencia debido a la creación del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) sobre la productividad, el empleo y los salarios a nivel de los establecimientos del sector manufacturero uruguayo. Se utilizan técnicas de evaluación de impacto, sin y con matching para el período 1988-1995. Uno de los resultados más robustos es que el aumento de la apertura comercial aumenta la productividad total de los factores a nivel de los establecimientos. Además se encuentra una reducción en el empleo, en particular de los trabajadores menos calificados, aumentos en los salarios y una reducción de la brecha salarial entre los trabajadores calificados y los menos calificados como resultado del incremento en la apertura comercial. Así, el aumento en la productividad y el aumento del desempleo de los trabajadores menos calificados señalarían la necesidad de políticas de capacitación, empleo y otras políticas sociales a fin de neutralizar los efectos negativos del aumento de la apertura comercial sobre los trabajadores menos calificados.

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