The Role of Economic Freedom in Interpreting Corruption Perception

• Gülçin YANGIN ^[1] ; Serpil KILIÇ DEPREN ^[1]
  1. [1] Yıldız Technical University

     Yıldız Technical University

     Turquía

     
• Localización: RIMCIS: Revista Internacional y Multidisciplinar en Ciencias Sociales, ISSN-e 2014-3680, Vol. 10, Nº. 3, 2021, págs. 40-63
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.17583/rimcis.7109
• Títulos paralelos:
  • El papel de la libertad económica en la interpretación de la percepción de la corrupción
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    El objetivo principal del estudio es examinar el nexo entre la corrupción y la libertad económica para determinar los factores más influyentes en los que centrarse para reducir la corrupción. Con este objetivo, se realizan dos algoritmos de aprendizaje automático diferentes para descubrir los efectos de interacción de efecto único, bidireccional y tridireccional de los factores que afectan la corrupción. Como resultado del análisis, la carga tributaria, la integridad del gobierno y el gasto público son los principales indicadores en los que se debe enfocar para mejorar la corrupción de manera constante. Además, los umbrales críticos de la carga tributaria, la integridad del gobierno y el gasto público son 83,3, 50,9 y 40,6, respectivamente. Dado que hay un número limitado de estudios para predecir la corrupción mediante algoritmos de aprendizaje automático en la literatura existente, esta investigación proporciona información muy detallada a los responsables de la formulación de políticas donde pueden centrarse en reducir la percepción de corrupción

  • English

    The main purpose of the study is to examine the nexus between corruption and economic freedom to determine the most influencing factors to be focused on to reduce corruption. With this aim, two different machine learning algorithms are performed to find out the single effect, two-way, and three-way interaction effects of factors affecting corruption. As a result of the analysis, tax burden, government integrity, and government spending are the main indicators to be focused on to improve corruption steadily. Besides, critical thresholds of the tax burden, government integrity, and government spending are 83.3, 50.9, and 40.6, respectively. Since there are a limited number of studies to predict corruption by machine learning algorithms in the extant literature, this research provides highly detailed information to policy-makers where they can focus on reducing corruption perception.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Adam, A., Kammas, P., & Lapatinas, A. (2015). Income inequality and the tax structure: evidence from developed and developing countries,...
  • Andvig, J., & Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2001). Corruption: A review of contemporary research. CMI Report R 2001:7. Chr. Michelsen Institute.
  • Astafurova. O. A., Borisova. A. S., Golomanchuk. E. V., & Yagotinsteva. T. Y. (2020). Use of Modern Information Technologies for Countering...
  • Augustine, A.A., & Enyi, E. (2020). Control of Corruption, Trust in Government, and Voluntary Tax Compliance in South-West, Nigeria. Management...
  • Bauhr, M., Czibik, A., Licht, J. F., & Fazekas, M. (2019). Lights on the shadows of public procurement: Transparency as an antidote to...
  • Billger. S. M., & Goel. R. K. (2009). Do Existing Corruption Levels Matter in Controlling Corruption?: Cross-country Quantile Regression...
  • Budsaratragoon, P., & Jitmaneeroj, B. (2020). A critique on the Corruption Perceptions Index: An interdisciplinary approach, Socio-Economic...
  • Carden. A., & Verdon. L. (2010). When is corruption a substitute for economic freedom? Law and Development Review, 3, 40-63. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1132751
  • CAF (2019). RED 2019. Integridad en las políticas públicas: claves para prevenir la corrupción. http://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1503
  • Chen, C., & Neshkova, M.I. (2019). The effect of fiscal transparency on corruption: A panel cross‐country analysis. Public Administration,...
  • Chowdhury. S. (2004). The effect of democracy and press freedom on corruption: An empirical test. Economics Letters, 85, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2004.03.024
  • Christos, P., Eleni, K., Dimitrios, K., Zacharias, D., Athanasios, A., & Panagiotis, L. (2018). Corruption Perception Index (CPI), as...
  • Cooray, A., Jha, C.K., & Panda, B. (2020). Corruption and assortative matching of partners in international trade, WIDER Working Paper...
  • Cortes. C., & Vapnik. V. (1995). Support-Vector Networks. Machine Learning, 20, 273-297.
  • Cuadrado-Ballesteros. B., & Pena-Miguel. N. (2020). Corruption Perception Following Privatization Reforms: The Moderating Role of the...
  • Çelikay, F. (2020). Dimensions of tax burden: a review on OECD countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(49),...
  • Damayanti, T.W., Prabowo, R., Sucahyo, U.S., & Supramano, S. (2020). The Relationship between Gender, Tax Burdens, Corruption Practices,...
  • de Jong. E., & Bogmans. C. (2011). Does corruption discourage international trade? European Journal of Political Economy, 27, 385-398....
  • Debski, J., Jetter, M., Mösle, S., & Stadelmann, D. (2018). Gender and corruption: the neglected role of culture. European Journal of...
  • Delavallade, C. (2006). Corruption and distribution of public spending in developing countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30, 222-239....
  • Depren, Ö., Kartal, M.T., & Kılıç Depren, S. (2021). Recent Innovation in Benchmark Rates (BMR): Evidence from Influential Factors on...
  • Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2011). Corruption and Social Interaction: Evidence from China. Dong, Bin and Torgler, Benno, Corruption and Social...
  • Dzhumashev, R. (2013). The two-way relationship between government spending and corruption and its effects on economic growth. Contemporary...
  • Fazira, D.R., & Cahyadin, M. (2018). The Impact of Interest Rate, Corruption Perception Index, and Economic Growth on Foreign Direct Investment...
  • Friedman. J. H. (1991). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. The Annals of Statistics, 19(1), 1-67.
  • Goel. R., & Nelson. M. (2007). Are corrupt acts contagious? Evidence from the United States. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29, 839-850....
  • Groenendijk, N. (1997). A principal-agent model of corruption. Crime. Law and Social Change, 27(3-4), 207-229.
  • Gwartney. J., Lawson. R., Hall. J., Murphy. R., Bennett. D. L., Fike. R., & Nikolaev. B. (2019). Economic Freedom of the World: 2019 Annual...
  • Hallward-Driemeier, M. (2013). Who Survives? The Impact of Corruption, Competition and Property Rights Across Firms. Policy Research Working...
  • Hashem, A.H. (2014). The Effects of Corruption on Government Expenditures: Arab Countries Experience. Journal of Economics and Sustainable...
  • Huang, C-H. (2016). Is corruption bad for economic growth? Evidence from Asia-Pacific countries. The North American Journal of Economics and...
  • Jajkowicz, O., & Drobiszová, A. (2015). The Effect of Corruption on Government Expenditure Allocation in OECD Countries. ACTA Universitatis...
  • Keyifli. N. (2019). E-government and corruption: an empiric analysis. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 8(16), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701590553
  • Kohler, J.C., & Dimancesco, D. (2020). The risk of corruption in public pharmaceutical procurement: How anti-corruption, transparency...
  • Konu. A., & Ata. A. Y. (2016). Yolsuzluk ve Ekonomik Özgürlükler İlişkisi: AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Yatay Kesit Analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi...
  • Law, T., & Shawe-Taylor, J. (2017). Practical bayesian support vector regression for financial time series prediction and market condition...
  • Le, D.T., Malesky, E., & Pham, A. (2020). The impact of local corruption on business tax registration and compliance: Evidence from Vietnam....
  • Lee. T.-S., & Chen. I.-F. (2005). A two-stage hybrid credit scoring model using artificial neural networks and multivariate adaptive regression...
  • Lima. M.S.M., & Delen. D. (2020). Predicting and Explaining Corruption Across Countries: A Machine Learning Approach. Government Information...
  • Lin, J., Cheng, C-T., & Chau, K-W. (2006). Using Support Vector Machines for Long-Term Discharge Prediction. Hydrological Sciences Journal,...
  • Marquette, H., & Peiffer, C. (2015). Corruption and Collective Actions. U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Chr. Michelsen Institute.
  • Mauro, P. (1998). Corruption and the composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics, 69, 263–279. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/pubeco/v69y1998i2p263-279.html
  • Mondal, P. (2021). Contribution of Foreign Trade to Economic Growth. Your Article library. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/foreign-trade/contribution-of-foreign-trade-to-economic-growth/40276
  • Myles, G.D., & Yousefi, H. (2020). Corruption as an Occupational Choice: Endogenous Corruption and Tax Policy. Southern Economic Journal,...
  • Peisakhin, L.V. (2012). Transparency and Corruption: Evidence from India. The Journal of Law and Economics, 55(1), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1086/663727
  • Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2013). Why Anticorruption Reforms fail: Systemic corruption as a collective action problem....
  • Pieroni. L., & d'Agostino. G. (2013). Corruption and The Effects of Economic Freedom. European Journal of Political Economy, 29, 54-72....
  • Qaiser, B., Nadeem, S., Siddiqi, M.U., & Siddiqui, A.F. (2017). Relationship of Social Progress Index (SPI) with Gross Domestic Product...
  • Qureshi, F., Qureshi, S., Vo, X.V., & Junejo, I. (2020). Revisiting the nexus among foreign direct investment, corruption and growth in...
  • Safari. M. J. (2019). Decision tree (DT), generalized regression neural network (GR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models...
  • Saha. S., Gounder. R., & Su. J. (2009). The interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country...
  • Sharda. V. N., Prasher. S. O., Patel. R. M., Ojasvi. P. R., & Prakash. C. (2008). Performance of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines...
  • Shirazi, M.A. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on International Trade. Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, 40(1), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01436.x
  • Smidova, Z. (2020). Building the evidence for OECD integrity and anti-corruption agenda: The current situation and avenues for future analysis....
  • Stensöta, H., Svensson, R., & Wängnerud, L. (2015). Gender and Corruption: the mediating power of institutional logics. Governance: An...
  • Stephen, J. (2018). Corruption is costing the global economy $3.6 trillion dollars every year. The World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/the-global-economy-loses-3-6-trillion-to-corruption-each-year-says-u-n
  • Stoean. C., & Stoean. R. (2014). Support vector machines and evalutionary algorithms for classification. Springer-Verlag.
  • Thach, N. N., & Ngoc, B.H. (2021). Impact of Economic Freedom on Corruption Revisited in ASEAN Countries: A Bayesian Hierarchical Mixed-Effects...
  • Transparency International (2020, June 04). What-is-corruption. Transparency International Website. https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption
  • Treisman. D. (2007). What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research? Annual Reviews...
  • Vapnik, V. (2010). The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer-Verlag.
  • Vendrell-Herrero, F., Darko, C., & Vaillant, Y. (2020). Firm productivity and government contracts: The moderating role of corruption....
  • Zheng, B., & Xiao, J. (2020). Corruption and Investment: Theory and Evidence from China. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,...