The subject of human dignity in the thought of Francisco de Vitoria (1483-1546) has been a subject of frequent attention. Almost unanimously, it has been associated with the development of human rights and its manifestations about the Indians. However, during the Renaissance, the topic de dignitatis hominis appears linked to the nature and possibilities of the human being more than to his rights. The present article analyzes that idea, until now neglected among the contributions of the Dominican, and usually associated with authors identified with humanism more than with scholasticism, what would add an additional element of interest to the study of the professor of the University of Salamanca.