Un análisis empírico de los factores que influyen en el emprendimiento social: Un enfoque de género

• Ambreen Khursheed ^[1] ; Maham Fatima ^[1] ; Faisal Mustafa ^[1] ; Rab Nawaz Lodhi ^[1] ; Ayesha Akhtar ^[1]
  1. [1] University of Central Punjab

     University of Central Punjab

     Pakistán

     
• Localización: Management Letters / Cuadernos de Gestión, ISSN 1131-6837, Vol. 21, Nº 2, 2021, págs. 49-62
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5295/cdg.201320ak
• Títulos paralelos:
  • An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Influencing Social Entrepreneurship: A Gendered Approach
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Finalidad: Este estudio examina el modo en que los factores del ecosistema empresarial (financiación empresarial, educación empresarial, infraestructura física y comercial, cultura y actividades de transferencia de I+D) dan forma a las actividades empresariales sociales (AES) de hombres y mujeres.

    Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Para un periodo de diez años (2005-2014) se examinan datos de panel de 35 países mediante los Métodos Generales de Momentos (GMM), empleando el test de Arellano Bond.

    Hallazgos: Nuestros resultados indican que las mujeres son más propensas a involucrarse en la creación de empresas sociales. Además, los seis factores empresariales seleccionados modifican las AES de una manera significativamente diferente para ambos géneros.

    Originalidad/valor: Sobre la base de este análisis, el presente estudio es el primero en ofrecer una visión más profunda para mejorar la evaluación de las actividades empresariales sociales en economías impulsadas por la eficiencia y la innovación dentro del ecosistema empresarial.

  • English

    Purpose: This study examines how entrepreneurial ecosystem factors (entrepreneurial finance, entrepreneurial education, physical and commercial infrastructure, culture, and R&D transfer activities) shape social entrepreneurial activities (SEA) of men and women.

    Design/methodology/approach: Panel data from 35 countries are examined through General Methods of Moments (GMM) with Arellano Bond tests for the period of ten years (2005-2014).

    Findings: Our results indicate that women are more likely to get involved in creation of social ventures. Further, the selected six entrepreneurial factors modify SEA in a significantly different manner for both genders.

    Originality/value: Based on this analysis, this study is the first to provide deeper insights for improving the assessment of social entrepreneurial activities in efficiency and innovation driven economies within the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Acs, Z., Audretsch, D., 2006. Handbook of entrepreneurship research: An interdisciplinary survey and introduction (Vol. 1). Springer Science...
  • Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B. and Lehmann, E. E., 2013. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 41(4),...
  • Acs, Z. J., Braunerhjelm, P., Audretsch, D. B. and Carlsson, B., 2009. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small Business...
  • Acs, Z. J., Desai, S. and Hessels, J., 2008. Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 219-234.
  • Acs, Z. J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D. B. and O’Connor, A., 2017. The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Small Business Economics,...
  • Ahl, H. 2004. The scientific reproduction of gender inequality: A discourse analysis of research texts on women’s entrepreneurship. Liber.
  • Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M.M., Ahmad, Z., Shaukat, M.Z., Usman, A., Rehman, W., U. and Ahmed, N., 2010. Determinants of students’entrepreneurial...
  • Alibhai, S., Donald, A. A., Goldstein, M., Oguz, A. A., Pankov, A. and Strobbe, F., 2019. Gender Bias in SME Lending: Experimental Evidence...
  • Alter, K., 2007. Social enterprise typology. Virtue Ventures LLC, 12, 1-124.
  • Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D. and Letts, C. W., 2004. Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The Journal...
  • Amorós, J. E. and Bosma, N., 2014. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 global report. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Retrieved from https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-2013-global-report.
  • Amorós, J. E., Poblete, C. and Mandakovic, V., 2019. R&D transfer, policy and innovative ambitious entrepreneurship: evidence from Latin
  • American countries. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44, 1396-1415.
  • Arellano, M., 2003. Panel data econometrics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Arellano, M. and Bond, S., 1991. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations....
  • Ashrafi, D. M., Sarker, M. A. R., Binti Hashim, J., Haque, A., and Nayan, F. K., 2020. An exploration of the youths perception toward social...
  • Audretsch, D. B. and Lehmann, E. E., 2005. Does the knowledge spill-over theory of entrepreneurship hold for regions? Research Policy, 34(8),...
  • Audretsch, D. B., Heger, D. and Veith, T., 2015. Infrastructure and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 44(2), 219-230.
  • Austin, J., Stevenson, H. and Wei‐Skillern, J., 2006. Social and commercial entrepreneurship: same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory...
  • Beckmann, M., Zeyen, A. and Krzeminska, A., 2014. Mission, finance, and innovation: The similarities and differences between social entrepreneurship...
  • Bhushan, B., 2020. Motivational Model of Social Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Shaping of Engagement of Social Entrepreneur. In Methodological...
  • Bosma, N., Schutjens, V. and Volker, B., 2016. Local social entrepreneurship and social capital. In Handbook of Social Capital and Regional...
  • Bitzenis, A. and Nito, E., 2005. Obstacles to entrepreneurship in a transition business environment: the case of Albania. Journal of Small...
  • Black, S. E. and Strahan, P. E., 2002. Entrepreneurship and bank credit availability. The Journal of Finance, 57(6), 2807-2833.
  • Blanchflower, D. G., Levine, P. B. and Zimmerman, D. J., 2003. Discrimination in the small-business credit market. Review of Economics and...
  • Brush, C., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T. and Welter, F., 2019. A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 53(2),...
  • Canestrino, R., Ćwiklicki, M., Magliocca, P. and Pawełek, B., 2020. Understanding social entrepreneurship: A cultural perspective in business...
  • Capella-Peris, C., Gil-Gómez, J., Martí-Puig, M. and Ruíz-Bernardo, P., 2020. Development and validation of a scale to assess social entrepreneurship...
  • Cohen, B. and Winn, M. I., 2007. Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1),...
  • Cater, J. J. and Beal, B. D., 2015. Servant leadership in multigenerational family firms. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneur-ship,...
  • Chandra, Y. and Paras, A., 2020. Social entrepreneurship in the context of disaster recovery: Organizing for public value creation. Public...
  • Craney, T. A. and Surles, J. G., 2002. Model-dependent variance inflation factor cut off values. Quality Engineering, 14(3), 391-403.
  • Clark, K. D., Newbert, S. L. and Quigley, N. R., 2018. The motivational drivers underlying for-profit venture creation: Comparing social and...
  • Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T. and Matear, M., 2010. Social entrepreneurship: Why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here....
  • Davis, K., 1973. The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, 16, 312-322.
  • Dawson, P. and Daniel, L., 2010. Understanding social innovation: a provisional framework. International Journal of Technology Management,...
  • De Bruin, A. M. and Ferrante, F. M., 2011. Bounded opportunity: A knowledge-based approach to opportunity recognition and development. Entrepreneurship...
  • Deb, R., and Bhatt, D. K., 2020. Technology integration through digital learning hub in skill-oriented entrepreneurial education. Journal...
  • Dees, J. G. and Elias, J., 1998. The challenges of combining social and commercial enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(1), 165-178.
  • Delmar, F. and Davidsson, P., 2000. Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship &...
  • Desa, G., 2012. Resource mobilization in international social entrepreneurship: Bricolage as a mechanism of institutional transformation....
  • DeTienne, D. R. and Chandler, G. N., 2004. Opportunity identification and its role in the entrepreneurial classroom: A pedagogical approach...
  • Digan, S. P., Sahi, G. K., Mantok, S. and Patel, P. C., 2019. Women’s Perceived Empowerment in Entrepreneurial Efforts: The Role of Bricolage...
  • Dwivedi, A. and Weerawardena, J., 2018. Conceptualizing and operationalizing the social entrepreneurship construct. Journal of Business Research,...
  • Doherty, B., 2018. Research in the social enterprise journal–from the margins to the mainstream. Social Enterprise Journal, 14(1), 108-116.
  • Etzioni, A., 1987. Entrepreneurship, adaptation and legitimation: a macro-behavioral perspective. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,...
  • Feld, B., 2012. Startup communities: Building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ferreira, J. J., Fernandes, C. I., Peres-Ortiz, M. and Alves, H., 2017. Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship: perspectives from the literature....
  • Friedman, M., 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine.
  • Ghani, E., Kerr, W. R. and O’connell, S., 2014. Spatial determinants of entrepreneurship in India. Regional Studies, 48(6), 1071-1089.
  • Gottleib, E. and Ross, J. A., 1997. Made not born: HBS courses and entrepreneurial management. Harvard Business School Bulletin, 73(2), 41-45.
  • Goyal, M. and Parkash, J., 2011. Women entrepreneurship in India-problems and prospects. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,...
  • Halberstadt, J., Timm, J. M., Kraus, S. and Gundolf, K., 2019. Skills and knowledge management in higher education: how service learning can...
  • Hall, J. K., Daneke, G. A. and Lenox, M. J., 2010. Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions....
  • Harrington, C. and Clarkson, G. S., 2019. Native American Approaches to Social Entrepreneurship. In Mission-Driven Approaches in Modern Business...
  • Hashmi, S., 2019. Entrepreneurship: Challenges or opportunities for women. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 9(5), 366-3
  • Hofstede, G., 1980. Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42-63.
  • Honig, B., 2004. Entrepreneurship education: Toward a model of contingency-based business planning. Academy of Management Learning & Education,...
  • Hsu, C. Y. and Wang, S. M., 2019. Social entrepreneurial intentions and its influential factors: A comparison of students in Taiwan and Hong...
  • House, R. J., 1998. A brief history of GLOBE. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 13(3/4), 230-240.
  • Inglehart, R., 1997. Modernization and post modernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton university...
  • Jensen, T. L., 2014. A holistic person perspective in measuring entrepreneurship education impact–Social entrepreneurship education at the...
  • Kedmenec, I. and Strašek, S., 2017. Are some cultures more favourable for social entrepreneurship than others? Economic research-Ekonomska...
  • Karadeniz, E. and Ozdemir, O., 2009. Entrepreneurship in Turkey and developing countries: A comparison of activities, characteristics, motivation...
  • Khursheed, A., Mustafa, F., Fatima, M. and Khalid, F., 2019. Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Cross-Country Study of Northern...
  • Khursheed, A., Mustafa, F., Fatima, M. and Siddique, F., 2018. Entrepreneurial Intentions: GEM based empirical analysis on the northern Europe...
  • Kong, E., 2019. Harnessing and advancing knowledge in social enterprises: Theoretical and operational challenges in the refugee settlement...
  • Korsgaard, S., 2011. Opportunity formation in social entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global...
  • Kruse, P., Wach, D., Costa, S. and Moriano, J. A., 2019. Values Matter, Don’t They?–Combining Theory of Planned Behavior and Personal Values...
  • Kumar, D. and Kalyani, B., 2011. Motivational factors, entrepreneurship and education: Study with reference to women in SMEs. Far East Journal...
  • Lehner, O. M. and Kansikas, J., 2012. Opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship: A thematic meta-analysis. The Journal of Entrepreneurship,...
  • Levie, J. and Autio, E., 2008. A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 235-263.
  • Lounsbury, M., Cornelissen, J., Granqvist, N. and Grodal, S., 2019. Culture, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Innovation, 21(1), 1-12.
  • Lumpkin, G.T., Moss, T.W., Gras, D.M., Kato, S. and Amezcua, A.S., 2013. Entrepreneurial processes in social contexts: how are they different,...
  • Mair, J. and Marti, I., 2006. Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business,...
  • Markman, G. D., Gianiodis, P. T., Phan, P. H. and Balkin, D. B., 2004. Entrepreneurship from the ivory tower: do incentive systems matter?...
  • Marlow, S. and Patton, D., 2005. All credit to men? Entrepreneurship, finance, and gender. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6), 717-735
  • Mittal, M. and Vyas, R. K., 2011. A study of psychological reasons for gender differences in preferences for risk and investment decision...
  • Morimoto, T., 2018. Occupational choice and entrepreneurship: effects of R&D subsidies on economic growth. Journal of Economics, 123(2),...
  • Mueller, S., Brahm, T. and Neck, H., 2015. Service learning in social entrepreneurship education: Why students want to become social entrepreneurs...
  • Mustafa, F. Khursheed, A. and Fatima, M., 2018. Impact of global fi-nancial crisis on financially innovative microfinance institutions in...
  • Omorede, A., 2014. Exploration of motivational drivers towards social entrepreneurship. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(3), 239-267.
  • Pergelova, A., Manolova, T., Simeonova‐Ganeva, R. and Yordanova, D., 2019. Democratizing Entrepreneurship? Digital Technologies and the Internationalization...
  • Perrini, F., Vurro, C. and Costanzo, L. A., 2010. A process-based view of social entrepreneurship: From opportunity identification to scaling-up...
  • Peterman, N. E. and Kennedy, J., 2003. Enterprise education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory...
  • Prieto, L. C., Phipps, S. T. and Friedrich, T. L., 2012. Social entrepreneur development: An integration of critical pedagogy, the theory...
  • Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I. and Chin, N., 2005. Global entrepreneurship monitor: Data collection...
  • Ruvio, A. A. and Shoham, A., 2011. A multilevel study of nascent social ventures. International Small Business Journal, 29(5), 562-579.
  • Rey-Martí, A., Ribeiro-Soriano, D. and Palacios-Marqués, D., 2016. A bibliometric analysis of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business...
  • Sahasranamam, S. and Nandakumar, M. K., 2020. Individual capital and social entrepreneurship: Role of formal institutions. Journal of Business...
  • Santos, F. M., 2012. A positive theory of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 335-351.
  • Schwartz, S. H., 1994. Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45.
  • Seelos, C. and Mair, J., 2007. Profitable business models and market creation in the context of deep poverty: A strategic view. Academy of...
  • Servantie, V. and Rispal, M. H., 2018. Bricolage, effectuation, and causation shifts over time in the context of social entrepreneurship....
  • Shane, S. A., 1996. Hybrid organizational arrangements and their implications for firm growth and survival: A study of new franchisors. Academy...
  • Sharir, M. and Lerner, M., 2006. Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs. Journal of World Business,...
  • Shaw, E. and Carter, S., 2007. Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes....
  • Schneider, K., 2017. Promoting the entrepreneurial success of women entrepreneurs through education and training. Science Journal of Education,...
  • Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S. and Al-Laham, A., 2007. Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering...
  • Short, J. C., Moss, T. W. and Lumpkin, G. T., 2009. Research in social entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future opportunities. Strategic...
  • Thompson, J. L., 2002. The world of the social entrepreneur. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15, 412-431.
  • Urban, B. and Kujinga, L., 2017. The institutional environment and social entrepreneurship intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial...
  • Van Slyke, D. M. and Newman, H. K., 2006. Venture philanthropy and social entrepreneurship in community redevelopment. Nonprofit Management...
  • Van Stel, A., Storey, D. J. and Thurik, A. R., 2007. The effect of business regulations on nascent and young business entrepreneurship. Small...
  • Wakkee, I., van der Sijde, P., Vaupell, C. and Ghuman, K., 2019. The university’s role in sustainable development: Activating entrepreneurial...
  • Welter, F., 2011. Contextualizing entrepreneurship—conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Prac- tice, 35(1),...
  • Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O. and Shulman, J. M., 2009. A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical...