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Current military operations are essentially population centric and must be conducted in a way that influence the will and decisions of the main actors of the Operational Environment (OE), conditioning them to make their behaviour compatible with the objectives of the mission. The intricate and unstable characteristics of the constantly OE make it necessary to transform capabilities to adapt to the human environment. Recent military operations have shown that the cultural dimension is an essential element in an Area of Operations (AoO) and that the ability to identify the main actors and understand their motivations and interrelationships is vital when planning and executing any military operation. The need of operationalizing culture remains and even increases in the context of hybrid warfare. This article focuses on the importance and necessity of analysing the human factors of the OE that affect any military operation and integrating them in the planning and execution of the operations. It also includes a gender perspective and presents a case study of the analysis of the cultural factors: NATO Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflicts. Finally, the paper provides some conclusions and recommendations to better adapt military capabilities to the human-centric operations.
