Acceso usuarios
Alberto Martín Álvarez, Salvador Martí Puig 
A lo largo del siglo XX, las revoluciones sociales en América Latina fueron obra de amplias coaliciones revolucionarias urbano-rurales multiclasistas y multiétnicas que, en varios casos, fueron incapaces de derrotar a los regímenes que enfrentaban. Tal resistencia a los desafíos revolucionarios ha sido el aspecto focal de la literatura para explicar los diversos desenlaces. Este artículo explora la dinámica interna de las coaliciones revolucionarias, pero centrándose en la relación entre élites revolucionarias y movimientos sociales comparando tres casos con desenlaces diferentes: Nicaragua, El Salvador y Guatemala. Se argumenta que los distintos niveles de autonomía de los movimientos sociales respecto de las élites insurgentes constituyen un factor para la explicación de los triunfos o fracasos de las coaliciones revolucionarias.
Throughout the twentieth century, social revolutions in Latin America were the work of broad urban-rural multiclass and multi-ethnic revolutionary coalitions. In other cases, however, broad revolutionary coalitions were unable to defeat the regimes they faced. The resistance that different political regimes showed against revolutionary challenges has been up to now the factor on which literature has focused to explain these different outcomes. In a novel way, this article explores the internal dynamics of revolutionary coalitions, focusing on the relationship between revolutionary elites and social movements. To this end, we compare the relationships established between elites and movements in three cases with different outcomes: Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. The paper argues that different levels of autonomy of the social movements from insurgent elites are also an important factor in the explanation of the triumphs or failures of revolutionary coalitions.
