Acceso usuarios
In Commission v Council (Kazakhstan) (C-244/17), the Court reaffirmed the well-established case law that the subject-matter question—that is, the identification of the correct substantial legal basis of an act—is to be answered with reference to the aim and content of that act (the so called “centre of gravity test”). However, it may be questioned whether the classic centre of gravity test may be the appropriate way to determine the subject-matter question when the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) is involved, i.e. in disputes on art.40 TEU. In the light of the distinctiveness of CFSP within EU law, crystallised in art.40 TEU, this analysis proposes two alternative approaches.
