Trita Parsi. “Why Trump’s Strategy for Iran Is Likely to Lead to War,” The Nation, 23 May, 2018: www.thenation.com/article/why-abandoning-the-iran-nuke-deal-is-likely-to-lead-to-war/
Amanda Erickson. “How Trump’s Iran deal decision may lead to war,” Washington Post, 11 May, 2018: www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/05/11/how-trumps-iran-deal-decision-may-lead-to-war/
Roula Khalaf. “The Saudi seduction of Donald Trump,” Financial Times, 23 May, 2017: www.ft.com/content/8e181a22-3fbd-11e7-9d56-25f963e998b2
Ishaan Tharoor. “Trump embraces the Saudi vision for the Middle East,” Washington Post, 22 May, 2017: www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/22/trump-embraces-the-saudi-vision-for-the-middle-east/....
Nader Hashemi and Danny Postel (eds.). Sectarianization: Mapping the New Politics of the Middle East, London: Hurst Publishers, 2017, especially...
Nader Hashemi and Danny Postel, “Iran, Saudi Arabia and Modern Hatreds,” New York Times, 15 May, 2018: www.nytimes.com/2018/05/15/opinion/iran-saudi-arabia-and-modern-hatreds.html
Ian Black. “Fear of a Shia full moon,” The Guardian, 26 Jan 2007: www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jan/26/worlddispatch.ianblack
Ross Colvin. “Cut off head of snake Saudis told U.S. on Iran,” Reuters, 28 November, 2010: www.reuters.com/article/us-wikileaks-iran-saudis-idUSTRE6AS02B20101129
Amal Mudallali. “The Iranian Sphere of Influence Expands Into Yemen,” Foreign Policy, 8 October, 2014: https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/10/08/the-iranian-sphere-of-influence-expands-into-yemen/
Jeffrey Goldberg. “Saudi Crown Prince: Iran’s Supreme Leader ‘Makes Hitler Look Good’,” The Atlantic, 2 April, 2018: www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/
Dexter Filkins. “A Saudi Prince’s Quest to Remake the Middle East,” The New Yorker, 9 April, 2018: www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east
Mohammad Javad Zarif. “Let Us Rid the World of Wahhabism,” New York Times, 13 September, 2016: www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javad-zarif-let-us-rid-the-world-of-wahhabism.html
Martin Chulov. “Qassem Suleimani: the Iranian general ‘secretly running’ Iraq,” The Guardian, 28 July 2011: www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/28/qassem-suleimani-iran-iraq-influence
Dexter Filkins. “The Shadow Commander,” The New Yorker, 30 September, 2013: www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/09/30/the-shadow-commander
Ian Black and Saeed Kamali Dehghan. “Qassem Suleimani: commander of Quds force, puppeteer of the Middle East,” The Guardian, 16 June 2014:...
Fanar Haddad. “The language of anti-Shiism,” Foreign Policy, 9 August, 2013: https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/09/the-language-of-anti-shiism/
Alexandra Siegel. Sectarian Twitter Wars: Sunni-Shia Conflict and Cooperation in the Digital Age, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,...
Ian Black. “Unholy row,” The Guardian, 25 September 2008: www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/26/middleeast
Richard Spencer. “Muslim Brotherhood cleric calls for Sunni jihad in Syria,” The Telegraph, 02 June 2013: www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10094590/Muslim-Brotherhood-cleric-calls-for-Sunni-jihad-in-Syria.html
Hassan Hassan. The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,...
Mary Anne Weaver. “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi,” The Atlantic, 8 June, 2006: www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/07/the-short-violent-life-of-abu-musab-al-zarqawi/304983/
Bobby Ghosh. “Twelve years on, remembering the bomb that started the Middle East’s sectarian war,” Quartz, 28 August, 2015: https://qz.com/476191/remembering-the-bomb-that-started-the-middle-easts-sectarian-war/....
Marc Lynch. “The Entrepreneurs of Cynical Sectarianism,” Foreign Policy, 13 November, 2013, https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/11/13/the-entrepreneurs-of-cynical-sectarianism/
Fawaz A. Gerges, The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition 2009
Emily Hunt. Zarqawi’s ‘Total War’ on Iraqi Shiites Exposes a Divide among Sunni Jihadists, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 15 November,...
Daniel Byman and Jennifer Williams. “ISIS vs. Al Qaeda: Jihadism’s Global Civil War,” The National Interest, 24 February, 2015: 304 http://nationalinterest.org/feature/isis-vs-al-qaeda-jihadism’s-global-civil-war-12
Thomas Erdbrink. “Iran, Once Quiet About Its Casualties in Syria and Iraq, Now Glorifies Them,” New York Times, 9 July, 2016: www.nytimes.com/2016/07/10/world/middleeast/iran-once-quiet-about-its-casualties-in-syria-and-iraq-now-glorifies-them.html
Hassan Hassan. “The rise of Shia jihadism in Syria will fuel sectarian fires,” The National, 5 June, 2013: www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/the-rise-of-shia-jihadism-in-syria-will-fuel-sectarian-fires
Ari Heistein and James West. “Syria’s Other Foreign Fighters: Iran’s Afghan and Pakistani Mercenaries,” The National Interest, 20 November,...
Fariba Sahraei. “Syria war: The Afghans sent by Iran to fight for Assad,” BBC News, 15 April 2016: www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36035095
Scott Peterson. “Iran steps up recruitment of Shiite mercenaries for Syrian war,” Christian Science Monitor, 12 June, 2016: www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2016/0612/Iran-steps-up-recruitment-of-Shiite-mercenaries-for-Syrian-war
Ali Alfoneh. “Tehran’s Shia Foreign Legions,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 30 January, 2018: http://carnegieendowment.org/2018/01/30/tehran-s-shia-foreign-legions-pub-75387
Martin Chulov. “Iran repopulates Syria with Shia Muslims to help tighten regime’s control,” The Guardian, 13 January 2017: www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/13/irans-syria-project-pushing-population-shifts-to-increase-influence
Lina Sinjab. “Iran Is Building a New Source of Shia Influence Inside Syria,” Chatham House, November 2017: https://syria.chathamhouse.org/research/iran-is-building-a-new-source-of-shia-influence-inside-syria
Nader Hashemi and Danny Postel (eds.). Sectarianization: Mapping the New Politics of the Middle East. See also the interview with us in Jadaliyya’s...
Peter Gay. The Cultivation of Hatred, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1993, the third volume of his five-volume study The Bourgeois...
Nader Hashemi and Danny Postel (eds.). Sectarianization: Mapping the New Politics of the Middle East: Toby Matthiesen. “Sectarianization as...
Paulo Gabriel Hilu Pinto. “The Shattered Nation: The Sectarianization of the Syrian Conflict”; Stacey Philbrick Yadav, “Sectarianization,...
Jean-Pierre Filiu. From Deep State to Islamic State: The Arab Counter-Revolution and its Jihadi Legacy, London: Hurst Publishers, 2015, an...
Gilbert Achcar. The People Want: A Radical Exploration of the Arab Uprising, London: Saqi Books, 2013, especially the “Conclusion: The Future...
Andrew England and Heba Saleh, “How the Middle East is sowing seeds of a second Arab spring,” Financial Times, 4 March, 2018: www.ft.com/content/a6229844-1ad3-11e8-aaca-4574d7dabfb6?segmentid=acee4131-99c2-09d3-a635-873e61754ec6
Steven Heydemann and Reinoud Leenders. “Authoritarian Learning and Authoritarian Resilience: Regime Responses to the ‘Arab Awakening’,” Globalizations...
Marc Lynch, “How Arab authoritarian regimes learned to defeat popular protests,” The Monkey Cage (Washington Post blog), 25 August, 2016:...
Zack Beauchamp. “What Trump’s threatened war with Iran would actually look like,” Vox, July 23, 2018: www.vox.com/world/2018/7/23/17602480/trump-tweet-iran-threat-war,...
Nabih Bulos. “It’s the world’s worst humanitarian disaster. But it’s rarely ever discussed,” Los Angeles Times, 15 June, 2018: www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-yemen-forgotten-20180615-htmlstory.html
Myrto Tilianaki. “Will Boris Johnson’s Departure Prompt New UK Diplomacy?” Human Rights Watch, 10 July, 2018: www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/10/will-boris-johnsons-departure-prompt-new-uk-diplomacy
Timothy D. Sisk, “Conclusion: Peacebuilding in Sectarianized Conflicts: Findings and Implications for Theory and Practice,” in Nader Hashemi...
