Acceso usuarios
Marcelo Guillén García
Este artículo profundiza en las razones de la creación de los partidos políticos y para ello he escogido el caso del Partido Sindicalista español. Esta elección responde a la necesidad de conocer los motivos del nacimiento de un partido político desde grupos que los rechazan ideológicamente. Hemos tenido que acudir a un caso histórico como el del movimiento libertario, dadas sus peculiaridades y la dificultad de encontrar ejemplos en la actualidad. El artículo parte de una diferenciación sobre los sentimientos antipartidistas para definir la excepcionalidad del fenómeno y, tras esto, se formula una idea inicial que pretende matizar la teoría de los cleavages de Lipset y Rokkan para la formación de partidos. Posteriormente, sobre la base de la teoría previa, se establecen una serie de hipótesis sobre los factores que favorecen la creación de partidos. El análisis empírico confirma las hipótesis y permite concluir que el nivel organizativo del movimiento libertario y su falta de éxito, junto con la aparición de fallos en el mercado electoral, favoreció la creación del Partido Sindicalista durante la II República. Finalmente, se discute el alcance de los resultados y su relación con supuestos similares y actuales.
This article deepens into the reasons for the creation of political parties and for that, the case of the Spanish Syndicalist Party has been chosen. This election responds to the need of knowing the causes of the birth of a political party out of groups that ideologically reject them. It has been necessary to resort to a historical case as the libertarian movement, given their peculiarities and the difficulty to find examples nowadays. The article starts with a differentiation on anti-party sentiments to define the exceptionality of the phenomenon and, after that, it formulates an initial idea that aims to clarify Lipset and Rokkan’s theory on cleavages for the formation of parties. Subsequently, based on the previous theory, a series of hypotheses is established about the factors that favor the creation of parties. The empirical analysis confirms the hypothesis and it serves to conclude that the organizational level of the libertarian movement and its lack of success, together with failures in the electoral market, favored the creation of the Syndicalist Party during the 2nd Republic. Finally, the scope of the results and their relationship with similar and current cases is discussed.gles Along with Communists, the Nazis were the main contenders in the climate of latent civil war lived in Germany in the final years of the Republic of Weimar. Their Assault Division or SA was decisive in breeding an atmosphere of capillary and mimetic violence in the whole country. This article deals with violence among "political enemies" in a specific neighbourhood of the German capital. Relying on archive materials, newspapers and literature of the time it is shown how violence on political grounds penetrated daily life, ranging from street-quarrels without major consequences to the death of two activist of the SA in the Nostitz area, the neighbourhood in Berlin-Kreuzberg we focus on. Escalation of violence in there illustrates the political confrontation which best characterizes the country previous to the Nazi seizure of power in 1933.
