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This article analyzes the ethnolinguistic development of linguistic minority group members using two complementary models. The first is a macroscopic model of the factors that influence the ethnolinguistic development of minorities in intergroup contexts. The model comprises three levels of factors: a) the macrosocial, comprising two sublevels (ideological, legal and political framework; institutional and social context), b) the microsocial (linguistic and cultural socialization), and c) the psychological (ethnolinguistic development). The second model analyzes specific hypotheses between the microsocial and psychological levels. This model shows precise relationships between different aspects of language and cultural socialization and important components of ethnolinguistic development (for example, linguistic competencies, group identity, subjective vitality, language motivation, language use). These models take into consideration factors that are related to social determinism and others that favor selfdetermination at the group and individual levels. The second model can be tested empirically with the use of structural equation modeling. Examples of research with Francophone minority group members in Canada are presented. It is contended that these models could be applied to other linguistic minorities.
