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In this paper the between-language identity facilitation effect reported by Costa, Miozzo, and Caramazza (1999) was re-examined. Costa et al. (1999) found that bilinguals name pictures accompanied by the picture's names in a language not required for production faster than pictures accompanied by unrelated words. The between-language identity facilitation effect has been taken as evidence in favor of language-specific models of lexical access (Costa et al., 1999; Costa & Caramazza, 1999). I report one picture-word interference experiment that shows that between-language identity facilitation can no longer be taken as evidence in favor of either language-specific or language-nonspecific models of lexical access.
