Acceso usuarios
, Marzena Laskowska
El texto analiza los aspectos políticos y legales de la crisis en torno al Tribunal Constitucional polaco, la elección de los jueces constitucionales y del Presidente de esta institución. Debido a que la Cámara Baja del Parlamento polaco y el Presidente de la República de Polonia son los órganos decisivos en este asunto, el texto se divide en tres partes. La primera parte se ocupa de la selección de los jueces por la Cámara Baja del Parlamento y del papel de este órgano en la composición del Tribunal Constitucional. Esta sección presenta también una serie de cambios estatutarios destinados a producir un caos jurídico. En la segunda se analiza la participación del Presidente de la República de Polonia en el nombramiento de los jueces y su papel destructivo en el desarrollo de la crisis. La última parte se refiere a los asuntos relacionados con la selección del Presidente del Tribunal Constitucional, completamente subordinada al partido político gobernante.
La crisis en torno a la corte constitucional entró en una nueva fase: se interrumpió la continuidad institucional del Tribunal Constitucional debido a la política de personal frente a los jueces y al cuerpo de abogados. Por lo tanto, en este momento es difícil sacar conclusiones sobre el futuro de esta institución.
The paper is meant to present briefly the sequence of events and the analysis of the constitutional crisis in Poland that shall not be reduced to the personal matters and solely to the composition of constitutional court. Such crisis seems to result from the lack of recognition for current constitutional order and from the fact that major political forces seem not to value inviolability of constitutional status quo. It shall be pointed out that in the lack of qualified constitutional majority (that have not been achieved in the last election) preventing from any legal changes to the Constitution, political majority keep forcing such interpretation of the Constitution which is conform with their political interests. This, in turn, leads not only to procedural stand-off in a process of appointing constitutional judges, but also rises an imbalance of the entire constitutional system in Poland.
The constitutional crisis has also resulted with lowering the position of the constitutional court in the public eye, as well as with questioning the guarantees of impartiality and independence of constitutional judges. The dispute over the personal composition of constitutional court has turned into a serious crisis of this branch of judiciary that have been challenged as a necessary part of democratic state of law.
The paper ends with the conclusion of a strong need of the multilevel public debate – involving legal, political and social arguments – on the role of constitutional court in democracy, which may be – particularly in so-called “young democracies” – exposed to extra-legal political pressure.
