Evaluación del desarrollo económico mediante la clasificación de países: un analisis clúster de América Latina y el Caribe y la Unión Europea

• Rogelio Madrueño Aguilar ^[1]
  1. [1] University of Göttingen

     University of Göttingen

     Landkreis Göttingen, Alemania

     
• Localización: Revista de economía mundial, ISSN 1576-0162, Nº 47, 2017, págs. 43-64
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.33776/rem.v0i47.3866
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Assessment of Socio-Economic Development through CountryClassifications: A Cluster Analysis of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and the European Union (EU)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El artículo intenta proveer una evaluación del desarrollo socio-económico mediante un enfoque escalonado basado en concepciones y mediciones tradicionales, así como un enfoque moderno del desarrollo humano. Se utiliza el análisis de conglomerados no jerárquico en tres macro escenarios: clásico, moderno y ampliado. En ellos se busca contrastar información relativa a la desigualdad, pobreza y calidad del empleo con el papel de la educación, la salud, las instituciones y la sostenibilidad ambiental. El enfoque se basa en nuevas estimaciones de la desigualdad y pobreza, que se derivan de la interpolación de Pareto de Atkinson, la cual busca acortar la discrepancia entre Cuentas Nacionales y Encuestas de los Hogares. Estas son de utilidad para contrarestar el sesgo estadístico en las estimaciones de desigualdad y pobreza, e interpretar mejor el desempeño nacional y regional. El análisis incluye un análisis comparativo entre América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y la Unión Europea (UE).

  • English

    The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of socio-economic development through a multi-tiered approach relying both on traditional and modern understanding and the measuring of human development. A systematic approach is adopted to classify countries using a non-hierarchical clustering method. Three macro-scenarios are considered – classical, modern and extended – which contrast information regarding inequality, poverty and the quality of employment with the role of education, health, institutions and environmental sustainability. Our approach is based on new estimates of inequality and poverty that are derived from Atkinson’s Pareto interpolation, which bridges the discrepancy between national income accounts and household surveys. This may serve to offset the statistical bias in the estimates of income inequality and poverty, and to better interpret national and regional socioeconomic performance. The analysis is carried out in a comparative framework between the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and the European Union (EU).

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Atkinson, A. B. (2015): Inequality. What can be Done? London, Harvard University Press.
  • Atkinson, A. B. (2007): “Measuring top incomes: Methodological Issues”. In: Atkinson, A. B. & Piketty, T. (eds.): Top Incomes over the...
  • Atkinson, A. B., Piketty, T. & Saez, E. (2011): “Top Incomes in the Long Run of History”, Journal of Economic Literature, 49 (1), 3-71
  • Capelli & Vaggi (2014): “A Better Indicator of Standards of Living: The Gross National Disposable Income”. DEM Working Paper Series Num...
  • Chang, H-J. (2011): 23 Things They Don’t Tell you about Capitalism. London, Penguin Books.
  • Cobham, A. & Sumner, A. (2013): “Is It All about the Tails? The Palma Measure of Income Inequality”. Center for Global Development Working...
  • Cobham, A., Schlogl, L. & Sumner, A. (2015): “Inequality and the Tails: The Palma Proposition and Ratio Revisited”. DESA Working Paper...
  • Cole, S. & Miles, I. (1984): Worlds Apart. Technology and North-South relations in the Global Economy. New Jersey, Rowman and Allanheld.
  • ECLAC (2015): “Databases and Statistical Publications”. Available from: http://estadisticas.cepal.org/cepalstat/ [Accessed 19 August 2015].
  • EUROSTAT (2015): “European Statistical Data Support” available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
  • Hazans, M. (2011): “What Explains Prevalence of Informal Employment in European Countries. The Role of Labor Institutions, Governance, Immigrants,...
  • Lakner, C. & Milanovic, B. (2016): “Global Income Distribution. From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession”. The World Bank...
  • Lewis, A. (1954): “Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour”. The Manchester School, 22 (2), 139-191. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
  • MacQueen, J. (1967): “Some Methods for Classification and Analysis of Multivariate Observations. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium...
  • Meier, G. & Seers, D. (1984): Pioneers in Development. Washington, D.C., World Bank/ Oxford University Press.
  • OECD (2014): “Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: Measuring OECD Responses”. Paris, OECD.
  • Ostrom, E. (2010): “Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems”. American Economic Review, 100, 1-33 doi=10.1257/aer.100.3.1
  • Palma, J. G. (2011): “Homogeneous Middles vs. Heterogeneous Tails, and the End of the ‘Inverted-U’": It’s all about the Share of the Rich....
  • Piketty, T. (2014): Capital in the Twenty-first Century. USA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Seers, D. (1983): The Political Economy of Nationalism. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Seers, D. (1972): “What are We Trying to Measure?" Journal of Development Studies, 8 (3), 77-94.
  • Seers, D. (1969): “The Meaning of Development”. IDS Communication, no. 44, Brighton, Institute of Development Studies.
  • Sen, A. (1990): Development as Freedom. Oxford, UK, University Press.
  • Sen, A. (1976): “Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment: Some Conceptual Issues in Measurement”. Economic and Political Weekly, 8 (31/33), 1457-1464
  • Schneider, F. & Buehn, A. (2012): “Shadow Economies in Highly Developed OECD Countries: What are the Driving Forces?" IZA Discussion...
  • United Nations (UN): (2015): “Draft Outcome Document of the United Nations Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda”. A/69/L.85....
  • Weisbrot, M., Lefebvre, S. & Sammut, J. (2014): “Did NAFTA Help Mexico? An Assessment after 20 Years”. Washington D.C., Center for Economic...
  • World Bank (2016): “World Databank”. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org, [Accessed 9th January 2016].