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The Brexit outcome of the referendum on 23 June 2016 suspended the vision of a "Europe of solidarity" and made the fragmentation of the EU both thinkable and real. This article examines this development through the lens of European integration theories and revisits an older question posed by Franck et al., namely, why federations fail. The discussion highlights the role of political commitment to the success or the failure of a political Union and suggests a reconsideration of the situated agency in processes of political fission. This has implications for the UK's withdrawal negotiations following the activation of art.50 TEU as well as for European integration theory.
