The Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers, Community Residents, and Children Living in Their Households: North Carolina, USA

• Sarah M. Hatcher ^[3] ; Sarah M. Rhodes ^[3] ; Jill R. Stewart ^[3] ; Ellen Silbergeld ^[4] ; Nora Pisanic ^[4] ; Jesper Larsen ^[1] ; Sharon Jiang ^[3] ; Amanda Krosche ^[4] ; Devon Hall ^[5] ; Karen C. Carroll ^[2] ; Christopher D. Heaney ^[6]
  1. [1] Statens Serum Institut

     Statens Serum Institut

     Dinamarca

     
  2. [2] Johns Hopkins University

     Johns Hopkins University

     Estados Unidos

     
  3. [3] 1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
  4. [4] 2 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  5. [5] 4 Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, North Carolina, USA
  6. [6] 2 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 6 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: Environmental health perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, Vol. 125, Nº. 4, 2017, págs. 560-569
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1289/EHP35
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Antibiotic use in industrial hog operations (IHOs) can support the emergence of antibiotic-resistant (ABR) Staphylococcus aureus. The extent of ABR S. aureus exposure in IHO workers and children living in their households remains unclear.

    We investigated ABR S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence among adults with versus without occupational exposure to IHOs and among children living in their households.

    In total, 198 IHO worker–child household pairs and 202 community referent (CR) adult–child household pairs completed a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab which was analyzed for S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), absence of scn (putative marker of livestock association), and spa type.

    S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence was higher among IHO (53%) compared with CR (31%) adults [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.83], but MRSA nasal carriage prevalence was uncommon (2–3%) in IHO and CR adults. MDRSA nasal carriage prevalence was similar among IHO workers and CR adults (12% vs. 8%; aPR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.56, 2.29). Nasal carriage prevalence was higher among IHO compared with CR children for S. aureus (49% vs. 31%; aPR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99), MRSA (14% vs. 6%; aPR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.14, 4.92), and MDRSA (23% vs. 8%; aPR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.47, 4.75). We also found suggestive evidence of a higher prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, and MDRSA among children living with an IHO worker who did versus did not report taking personal protective equipment (PPE) home from the IHO. Livestock-associated S. aureus nasal carriage predominated among IHO workers.

    Our findings support the importance of further research on the prevalence and potential sources of exposure to ABR S. aureus among children living with IHO workers.

    Hatcher SM, Rhodes SM, Stewart JR, Silbergeld E, Pisanic N, Larsen J, Jiang S, Krosche A, Hall D, Carroll KC, Heaney CD. 2017. The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among industrial hog operation workers, community residents, and children living in their households: North Carolina, USA. Environ Health Perspect 125:560–569; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP35

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Adcock, PM, Pastor, P, Medley, F, Patterson, JE, Murphy, TV. (1998). Methicillin-resistant. J Infect Dis. 178. 577-580
  • Bhat, M, Dumortier, C, Taylor, BS, Miller, M, Vasquez, G, Yunen, J. (2009). Emerg Infect Dis. 15. 285-287
  • Chen, AE, Cantey, JB, Carroll, KC, Ross, T, Speser, S, Siberry, GK. (2009). Discordance between. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28. 244-246
  • (2015). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing: Approved Standard—12th Edition. CLSI Document M02-A12.. Clinical...
  • Creech, CB, Kernodle, DS, Alsentzer, A, Wilson, C, Edwards, KM. (2005). Increasing rates of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant. Pediatr...
  • de Neeling, AJ, van den Broek, MJ, Spalburg, EC, van Santen-Verheuvel, MG, Dam-Deisz, WD, Boshuizen, HC. (2007). High prevalence of methicillin...
  • (2009). Protocol for.
  • Feingold, BJ, Silbergeld, EK, Curriero, FC, van Cleef, BA, Heck, ME, Kluytmans, JA. (2012). Livestock density as risk factor for livestock-associated...
  • Fridkin, SK, Hageman, JC, Morrison, M, Sanza, LT, Como-Sabetti, K, Jernigan, JA. (2005). Methicillin-resistant. N Engl J Med. 352. 1436-1444
  • Friese, A, Schulz, J, Hoehle, L, Fetsch, A, Tenhagen, BA, Hartung, J. (2012). Occurrence of MRSA in air and housing environment of pig barns.....
  • Fritz, SA, Garbutt, J, Elward, A, Shannon, W, Storch, GA. (2008). Prevalence of and risk factors for community-acquired methicillin-resistant...
  • García-Álvarez, L, Holden, MTG, Lindsay, H, Webb, CR, Brown, DFJ, Curran, MD. (2011). Meticillin-resistant. Lancet Infect Dis. 11. 595-603
  • Goenka, A, Kollmann, TR. (2015). Development of immunity in early life.. J Infect. 711. 112-120
  • Gorwitz, RJ, Kruszon-Moran, D, McAllister, SK, McQuillan, G, McDougal, LK, Fosheim, GE. (2008). Changes in the prevalence of nasal colonization...
  • Graber, CJ, Shane, AL, Weintrub, P, Chambers, HF. (2011). Clonality of. Pediatr Dermatol. 28. 519-523
  • Hartmeyer, GN, Gahrn-Hansen, B, Skov, RL, Kolmos, HJ. (2010). Pig-associated methicillin-resistant. Scand J Infect Dis. 42. 318-320
  • Hermos, CR, Sandora, TJ, Williams, LE, Mosammaparast, N, McAdam, AJ. (2013). Changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant. Epidemiol Infect....
  • Khanna, T, Friendship, R, Dewey, C, Weese, JS. (2008). Methicillin resistant. Vet Microbiol. 128. 298-303
  • Ko, S, Schaefer, PD, Vicario, CM, Binns, HJ. (2007). Relationships of video assessments of touching and mouthing behaviors during outdoor...
  • Lahuerta-Marin, A, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, M, Pichon, B, Allen, A, Doumith, M, Lavery, JF. (2016). First report of. Vet Microbiol. 182. 131-134
  • Lewis, HC, Mølbak, K, Reese, C, Aarestrup, FM, Selchau, M, Sørum, M. (2008). Pigs as source of methicillin-resistant. Emerg Infect Dis. 14....
  • Magiorakos, AP, Srinivasan, A, Carey, RB, Carmeli, Y, Falagas, ME, Giske, CG. (2012). Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and...
  • Mattioli, MC, Davis, J, Boehm, AB. (2015). Hand-to-mouth contacts result in greater ingestion of feces than dietary water consumption in Tanzania:...
  • McCarthy, AJ, Loeffler, A, Witney, AA, Gould, KA, Lloyd, DH, Lindsay, JA. (2014). Extensive horizontal gene transfer during. Genome Biol Evol....
  • Mediavilla, JR, Chen, L, Uhlemann, AC, Hanson, BM, Rosenthal, M, Stanak, K. (2012). Methicillin-susceptible. Emerg Infect Dis. 18. 700-702
  • Miller, MB, Weber, DJ, Goodrich, JS, Popowitch, EB, Poe, MD, Nyugen, V. (2011). Prevalence and risk factor analysis for methicillin-resistant....
  • Milstone, AM, Carroll, KC, Ross, T, Shangraw, KA, Perl, TM. (2010). Community-associated methicillin-resistant. Emerg Infect Dis. 16. 647-655
  • Nadimpalli, M, Heaney, C, Stewart, JR. (2013). Identification of. J Med Microbiol. 62. 1365-1367
  • Nadimpalli, M, Rinsky, JL, Wing, S, Hall, D, Stewart, J, Larsen, J. (2015). Persistence of livestock-associated antibiotic-resistant. Occup...
  • Naimi, TS, LeDell, KH, Como-Sabetti, K, Borchardt, SM, Boxrud, DJ, Etienne, J. (2003). Comparison of community-and health care–associated...
  • Paule, SM, Pasquariello, AC, Hacek, DM, Fisher, AG, Thomson, RB, Kaul, KL. (2004). Direct detection of. J Mol Diagn. 6. 191-196
  • Poulsen, AB, Skov, R, Palleson, LV. (2003). Detection of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci and in staphylococci directly...
  • Reischl, U, Linde, HJ, Metz, M, Leppmeier, B, Lehn, N. (2000). Rapid identification of methicillin-resistant. J Clin Microbiol. 38. 2429-2433
  • Rychert, J, Burnham, CAD, Bythrow, M, Garner, OB, Ginocchio, CC, Jennemann, R. (2013). Multicenter evaluation of the Vitek MS matrix-assisted...
  • Shapiro, A, Raman, S, Johnson, M, Piehl, M. (2009). Community-acquired MRSA infections in North Carolina children: prevalence, antibiotic...
  • Shopsin, B, Mathema, B, Martinez, J, Ha, E, Campo, ML, Fierman, A. (2000). Prevalence of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible...
  • Silbergeld, EK, Graham, J, Price, LB. (2008). Industrial food animal production, antimicrobial resistance, and human health.. Annu Rev Public...
  • Smith, TC, Pearson, N. (2011). The emergence of. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11. 327-339
  • Stegger, M, Andersen, PS, Kearns, A, Pichon, B, Holmes, MA, Edwards, G. (2012). Rapid detection, differentiation and typing of methicillin-resistant....
  • Steward, CD, Raney, PM, Morrell, AK, Williams, PP, McDougal, LK, Jevitt, L. (2005). Testing for induction of clindamycin resistance in erythromycin-resistant...
  • Thammavongsa, V, Kim, HK, Missiakas, D, Schneewind, O. (2015). Staphylococcal manipulation of host immune responses.. Nat Rev Microbiol. 13....
  • (2015). Quick Facts North Carolina..
  • (2010). North Carolina Agricultural Statistics..
  • van den Broek, IVF, van Cleef, BAGL, Haenen, A, Broens, EM, van der Wolf, PJ, van den Broek, MJ. (2009). Methicillin-resistant. Epidemiol...
  • Voss, A, Loeffen, F, Bakker, J, Klaassen, C, Wulf, M. (2005). Methicillin-resistant. Emerg Infect Dis. 11. 1965-1966
  • Wardyn, SE, Forshey, BM, Farina, SA, Kates, AE, Nair, R, Quick, MK. (2015). Swine farming is a risk factor for infection with and high prevalence...
  • Ye, X, Wang, X, Fan, Y, Peng, Y, Li, L, Li, S. (2016). Genotypic and phenotypic markers of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant. Appl...