Análisis de redes sociales para la gobernanza de un área protegida y su zona de amortiguación en el bosque templado del sur de Chile

• Gonzalo Mardones ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Los Lagos

     Universidad de Los Lagos

     Osorno, Chile

     
• Localización: Redes: Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales, ISSN-e 1579-0185, Vol. 28, Nº. 1, 2017 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Las redes en los sistemas socio-ecológicos), págs. 61-72
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5565/rev/redes.690
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Social networks analysis for the governance of a protected area and its buffer zone in the temperate rainforest of southern Chile
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2  
• Resumen
  • español

    Para transitar desde el manejo hacia la gobernanza de las áreas protegidas y sus zonas aledañas, se requiere el involucramiento y la colaboración de las comunidades locales, además de múltiples otros actores involucrados en la conservación y el desarrollo de dicho territorio. El presente trabajo presenta un análisis de redes sociales de los actores con interés y/o influencia en la zona de amortiguación del Parque Nacional Alerce Andino (PNAA) y la Reserva Nacional Llanquihue (RNLL), ubicado en la zona del bosque templado en el sur de Chile. Los resultados muestran que los actores involucrados en la conservación y el desarrollo se desenvuelven en múltiples escalas geográficas, organizados en una estructura jerárquica de niveles desde lo local a lo regional. Por su parte, el análisis de redes sociales sugiere una baja cohesión entre actores, una importante centralización y fragmentación estructural y funcional, alta marginalización de actores y bajos niveles de integración entre grupos diversos. De esta manera, la investigación plantea que la red social que relaciona a los actores involucrados en la zona de amortiguación del PNAA y la RNLL presenta propiedades emergentes poco favorables para el desarrollo de adecuados sistemas de control, confianza y normativos, todo lo cual dificulta la buena gobernanza del área protegida y su zona de amortiguación, configurando un escenario desfavorable para la integración entre conservación y desarrollo.

  • English

    To move from management to governance of protected areas and surrounding areas requires the involvement and collaboration of local communities, as well as multiple actors involved in the conservation and development of territory. This paper presents an analysis of social networks of stakeholders with interest and/or influence in the buffer zone of Alerce Andino National Park (PNAA) and Llanquihue National Reserve (RNLL), located in the temperate rainforest of southern Chile. The results show that stakeholders involved in conservation and development operate on multiple geographical scales, and organized in a hierarchical structure of levels from local to regional. In addition, the social networks analysis suggests a low cohesion between actors, significant centralization, structural and functional fragmentation, high marginalization of actors, and low levels of integration among groups. Thus, this research shows that the social network that link stakeholders involved in the buffer zone of the PNAA and RNLL presents emerging properties that are not conducive adequate control, trust and regulatory systems, all of which hinders good governance of the protected area and its buffer zone, configuring an unfavourable scenario for the integration between conservation and development.

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