De la economía a la ética, ¿qué fue de la política? Para una teoría estructural de la igualdad

• Ramón Máiz ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

     Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

     Santiago de Compostela, España

     
• Localización: Revista de estudios políticos, ISSN 0048-7694, Nº 174, 2016, págs. 13-46
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.18042/cepc/rep.174.10
• Títulos paralelos:
  • From Economics to Ethics, what about Politics? The Structural Turn in Egalitarian Theory
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo critica la deriva individualista y moralizante de la teoría política igualitarista contemporánea, acríticamente deudora del homo oeconomicus y centrada en el «mérito» o la «responsabilidad» personales, para hacer frente a un mundo de desigualdades que posee raíces no individuales, sino colectivas, ancladas en la inserción de los seres humanos en estructuras sociales —clases sociales, géneros o etnias—. Se argumenta en favor del reequilibrio de la teoría de la igualdad desde una perspectiva política y estructural (atenta tanto a las instituciones como a los actores), centrada en la construcción de relaciones sociales igualitarias que permitan la vida en común en igual respeto y no dominación. Esto resulta más necesario que nunca en tiempos de crisis ecológica, desigualdad clasista rampante, profundas diferencias de género y etnia, y exorbitantes ganancias no merecidas, derivadas de la especulación y las asimetrías estructurales de poder. La reorientación estructural que aquí se postula posee, más allá del plano teórico normativo, consecuencias de relieve para la agenda de las políticas públicas de predistribución y redistribución.

  • English

    This paper develops a systematic critique of the individualistic shift in the contemporary political theory of equality. Uncritically indebted to a model of homo oeconomicus centred on the “merit” and “responsibility” of each citizen, this individualised model is inadequate in accounting for contemporary inequalities based on class, gender and ethnicity. The paper argues in favour of re-setting egalitarian theory from a structural and political rather than ethical perspective, with the aim of building new social and political relationships of self and mutual respect and non-domination. This is especially compelling in the current context of ecological crisis, increasing class inequality, strong gender disadvantage, and systematic expansion of income inequality, fuelled by privatization, speculation, profiting without producing, and structural power asymmetries. This structural reorientation of the political theory of egalitarianism implies not only changes in the realm of the theoretical focus on justice and equality, but also suggest major changes in the current agenda of public re-distribution and pre-distribution policies.

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