Lesión medular y ejercicio físico: revisión desde una perspectiva deportiva

• Brizuela Costa, Gabriel ^[1] ; Romero Ávila, José Luis ^[1] ; Beltrán Herranz, Julia ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat de València

     Universitat de València

     Valencia, España

     
• Localización: Revista Española de Discapacidad (REDIS), ISSN-e 2340-5104, Vol. 4, Nº. 2, 2016 (Ejemplar dedicado a: REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE DISCAPACIDAD), págs. 163-185
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5569/2340-5104.04.02.09
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Spinal cord injury and physical exercise: review from a sports perspective
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Una de cada 2000 personas en Europa tiene lesión medular (LM), es normalmente más sedentaria que el resto de la población y encuentra diferentes problemas para practicar ejercicio físico (EF), destacando la escasa formación específica de los profesionales del deporte. Con el objetivo de aportar información sobre la LM y su interacción con la práctica deportiva, se realizó una revisión de literatura científica que analiza sus alteraciones músculoesqueléticas, cardiovasculares, respiratorias, de termorregulación, genitourinarias e intestinales, las úlceras por presión, la disreflexia autonómica y los aspectos nutricionales, generando recomendaciones prácticas. Como conclusión, la práctica habitual de EF reduce la incidencia de enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares, mejorando la condición física, la autonomía personal y la salud de las personas con LM, así como su calidad y esperanza de vida, pero es imprescindible conocer sus características particulares tanto para optimizar su rendimiento deportivo como para evitar graves complicaciones médicas.

  • English

    One in 2,000 people in Europe has spinal cord injury (SCI). These persons are usually more sedentary than the rest of the population and encounters different problems to practice physical exercise (PE), in part because of the limited specific training of sports professionals. In order to provide specific information about SCI and its interaction with the practice of sports, a review of scientific literature was carried out. Different kinds of disorders as musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, thermoregulation, genitourinary and intestinal, pressure ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia and nutritional aspects were analyzed in order to make useful recommendations. In conclusion, the practice of PE reduces the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and improves physical fitness, personal autonomy, health, quality of life and life expectancy of people with SCI. However it is essential to be familiar with the persons particular characteristics in order to optimize their athletic performance and to prevent serious medical complications.

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