This research benefited from the financial support of the MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning, the MIT Center for International Studies Summer Study Grant, the Lloyd and Nadine Rodwin Travel Award, and the American Collegiate School of Planning Travel Grant. That support is greatly appreciated. Earlier versions of this article were presented in 2005 at the PhD Seminar on Urbanism and Urbanization, Barcelona, and at the ACSP conference, Kansas City, and benefited from participants’ discussion and comments. I wish to thank the three anonymous referees for their careful reading and helpful comments. I would also like to thank Frank Levy, and the members of my thesis committee at the MIT, Manuel Castells, Larry Vale and Saskia Sassen, for their insightful comments during various aspects of this work. I am especially grateful for the continued support and guidance of my advisor and chair of my thesis committee Diane E. Davis. However, all the views expressed are solely those of the author.