Acceso usuarios
Darcy Víctor Tetreault, Carlos Federico Lucio López
En México y en otras partes de América Latina se ha observado un gran traslape entre los territorios indígenas y las regiones de alto valor biológico. En este trabajo preguntamos si se puede observar el mismo traslape en el estado de Jalisco, en el occidente de México. Para contestar esta pregunta, empezamos con un estudio sucinto de las dos principales regiones indígenas del Jalisco rural: la Sierra Huichola en el norte del estado y la Sierra de Manantlán, en el sur. Luego, se extiende el análisis al estado en su totalidad, con una investigación que pretende medir el traslape entre los territorios indígenas "desindianizados" y las regiones de alto valor biológico.
In Mexico and in other parts of Latin America, a large overlap can be observed between indigenous territories and regions of high biological value. In this paper, we ask if the same overlap can be observed in the state of Jalisco, in western Mexico. To answer this question, we start with a succinct analysis of the two main indigenous regions in rural Jalisco: the Huichol Sierra in the northern part of the state and the Sierra of Manantlán, in the southern part. Then, we extend our analysis to the state in its entirety in order to measure the overlap between indigenous territories that have been "desindianized" and regions of high biological value. This is done by comparing the municipalities that contain agrarian centers designated as "indigenous communities" and the municipalities that areas officially recognized for their ecological importance. A high correlation between these two variables is observed, leading to the question "why". A series of hypotheses is developed and these are contrasted with empirical evidence through a case study of the ejido of Ayotitlán, in the Sierra of Manantlán. Although different forms of environmental degradation can be observed in Ayotitlán, it continues to be one of the best conserved territories in the state of Jalisco, with high levels of biodiversity. This is due, not only to its isolation, but also to the way in which the indigenous inhabitants have interacted with the environment and because of their activism in defense of their territory and natural resources.
