¿Libertad para quién? El efecto de comunidades cerradas en el espacio urbano

• Autores: Joanna Lucio, Edgar E. Ramírez de la Cruz, Sergio Cárdenas Denham
• Localización: Gestión y política pública, ISSN-e 2448-9182, ISSN 1405-1079, Vol. 20, Nº. 2, 2011, págs. 459-484
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Liberty for Whom? The Impact of Gated Communities on Urban Spaces
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este documento discute los efectos que las comunidades cerradas tienen en el espacio urbano desde la perspectiva de diferentes nociones de libertad. El análisis sugiere que el crecimiento exponencial de las comunidades cerradas en zonas urbanas es resultado directo de decisiones individuales basadas principalmente en la ideología de libertad negativa. Al mismo tiempo, el crecimiento de estas comunidades está teniendo efectos significativos en la calidad de vida de las zonas urbanas, así como en la capacidad de los gobiernos locales para asegurar la libertad positiva de los ciudadanos. Este documento expone que una concepción diferente de libertad -la libertad participativa- necesita integrarse en la discusión sobre el desarrollo de soluciones sustentables a los problemas generados por las comunidades cerradas.

  • English

    This document discusses the effects of gated communities in the urban setting in terms of different notions of liberty. The analysis argues that the exponential growth that gated communities have experienced in urban areas is mainly the result of individual decisions based on a negative liberty ideology. At the same time, the growth of gated communities is having significant effects on the quality of life in urban areas as well as on the capacity of local governments to secure the positive liberty of citizens. This paper argues that a different conception of liberty-participatory liberty- needs to be integrated in the discussion in order to develop sustainable solutions to the issues generated by these types of communities.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. AddisonWésley. Reading.
  • Atkinson, R, Blandy, S. (2005). "Introduction: International Perspectives on the New Enclavism and the Rise of Gated Communities"....
  • Berlin, I. (1969). Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford University Press. Nueva York.
  • Bish, R, Ostrom, V. (1973). Understanding Urban Government. American Enterprise Institute. Washington^eD. C D. C.
  • Bish, R, Warren, R. (1972). "Scale and Monopoly Problems in Urban Government Services". Urban Affairs Quarterly. 8. 97-123
  • Blakely, E. J, Snyder, M. G. (1997). Fortress America: Gated Communities in the US. The Brookings Institution. Washington^eD.C D.C.
  • Cabrales, L, Canosa, E. (2001). "Segregación residencial y fragmentación urbana: Los fraccionamientos cerrados en Guadalajara". Espiral,...
  • Christman, J. (1991). "Liberalism and Individual Positive Freedom". Ethics. 101. 343-359
  • Coy, M, Pohler, M. (2002). "Gated Communities in Latin America Megacities: Case Studies in Brazil and Argentina". Environment and...
  • Davis, M. (1992). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. Vintage Books. Nueva York.
  • Dreier, P, Mollenkopf, J, Swanstrom, T. (2004). Place Matters: Metropolitics for the Twenty-first Century. University of Kansas Press. Lawrence....
  • Dreier, P, Mollenkopf, J, Swanstrom, T. (2004). Place Matters: Metropolitics for the Twenty-first Century. University of Kansas Press. Lawrence....
  • Enriquez, J. (2007). "Ciudad de muros: Socialización y tipología de las urbanizaciones cerradas en Tijuana". Frontera Norte. 19. 127-156
  • Frederickson, H. G. (1999). "The Repositioning of American Public Administration". PS: Political Science and Politics. 32. 701-711
  • Giglia, A. (2003). Espacio público y reconstrucción ciudadana. Miguel Ángel PorrúaFLACSO México. 341-364
  • Giglia, A. (2003). Espacio público y reconstrucción ciudadana. Miguel Ángel PorrúaFlacso México. 341-364
  • Grant, R. (1999). "Morality, Social Policy and Berlin's Two Concepts". Social Research. 66. 1217-1244
  • Hidalgo, R. (2004). "De los pequeños condominios a la ciudad vallada: Las urbanizaciones cerradas y la nueva geografía social en Santiago...
  • Janoschka, M, Glasze, G. (2003). "Urbanizaciones cerradas: Un modelo analítico". Ciudades. 59. 9-20
  • Janoschka, M, Borsdorf, A. (2006). Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives. Routledge. Londres. 92-108
  • Landman, K. (2004). "Gated Communities in South Africa: The Challenge for Spatial Planning and Land Use Management". The Town Planning...
  • Le Goix, R. (2005). "Gated Communities: Sprawl and Social Segregation in Southern California". Housing Studies. 20. 323-343
  • Locke, J. (1689). Two Treatises of Government. Tuttle Publishing. Nueva York.
  • MacCallum, G. C. (1967). "Negative and Positive Freedom". The Philosophical Review. 76. 312-334
  • Massey, D. S, Dentón, N. A. (1993). American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the American Underclass. Harvard University Press. Cambridge....
  • McCabe, B. C. (2005). "The Rules are Different Here: An Institutional Comparison of Cities and Homeowners Associations". Administration...
  • McKenzie, E. (1994). Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government. Yale University Press. New Haven.
  • Millián, G, Guenet, M. (2006). La segregación socioespacial urbana: Una mirada sobre Puebla, Puerto España, San José y San Salvador. Flacso....
  • Mill, J. S. (1982). On Liberty. Penguin. Harmondsworth.
  • Nelson, R. H. (2005). Private Neighborhoods and the Transformation of Local Government. Urban Institute Press. Washington^eD.C D.C.
  • Ostrom, V. (1974). The Intellectual Crisis in American Public Administration. The University of Alabama Press. Tuscaloosa.
  • Ostrom, V, Ostrom, E. (1999). Polycentricity and Local Public Economies: Readings from the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis)....
  • Ostrom, V, Tiebout, C, Warren, R. (1961). "The Organization of Government in Metropolitan Areas: A Theoretical Inquiry". The American...
  • Peters, B. G, Pierre, J. (1998). "Governance without Government? Rethinking Public Administration". Journal of Public Administration...
  • Reed, G. R. (1980). "Berlin and the Division of Liberty". Political Theory. 8. 365-380
  • Sabatini, R, Cáceres, G, Cerda, J. (2001). "Segregación residencial en las principales ciudades chilenas: Tendencias de las tres últimas...
  • Smart, P. (1991). Marx and Mill: Individual Liberty and the Roads to Freedom. Manchester University Press. Manchester.
  • Stone, D. (2002). Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. Norton & Company. Nueva York.
  • Thuillier, G. (2005). "Gated Communities in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina: A Challenge for Town Planning". Housing...
  • Tiebout, C. (1956). "A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures". Journal of Political Economy. 64. 416-424
  • Webster, C. (2001). "Gated Cities of Tomorrow". The Town Planning Review. 72. 149-170
  • Weimer, D, Vining, A. (1999). Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. 3a. Princeton University Press. Upper Saddle River.
  • Wilson, W J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged,. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
  • Wilson, W J. (1999). "When Work Disappears: New Implications for Race and Urban Poverty in the Global Economy". Ethic and Racial Studies....
  • Zukin, S. (1995). The Cultures of Cities. Blackwell Publishers. Oxford.