Se analiza el origen de la bifurcación del movimiento open access en dos caminos: verde y dorado, y se explican las razones que han llevado al Reino Unido y a los EUA a optar por uno de esos caminos. El lobby a favor del camino dorado tiene sus orígenes en las políticas de publicación de la revista biomédica The New England journal of medicine: su director, Franz J. Ingelfinger, introdujo la norma de no aceptar para su publicación manuscritos que previamente hubieran circulado como pre-prints, norma que con el tiempo se ha dado en llamar “regla de Ingelfinger”.
We analyse why the open access movement split into two paths, gold and green, and try to explain the reasons behind the choices between them that were made in the UK and USA. The analysis shows that lobbying in favor of the gold path had its origins in the publication policies of The New England journal of medicine: its director, Franz J. Ingelfinger, introduced the publication rule of not accepting manuscripts that previously had been circulating as pre-prints, known as the “Ingelfinger rule”.