Aquello que la Revolución haitiana puede decirnos sobre el desarrollo, la seguridad y la política de raz

• Autores: Robert Shilliam
• Localización: Relaciones internacionales, ISSN-e 1699-3950, Nº. 25, 2014 (Ejemplar dedicado a: El Caribe como múltiples espacios en lucha / coord. por Melody Fonseca), págs. 169-200
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • What the Haitian Revolution Might Tell Us about Development, Security and the Politics of Race
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (html)
• Resumen
  • español

    En este artículo el autor propone un acercamiento crítico al nexo desarrollo/seguridad. Este argumenta que, a pesar de las investigaciones recientes en las ciencias sociales y las Relaciones Internacionales, la cuestión racial continúa estando en los márgenes de la disciplina, especialmente cuando se trata de comprender los conflictos en el tercer mundo durante la Posguerra Fría y el ya extendido discurso de los �estados fallidos�. Reconociendo el trabajo de re-historicidad hecho desde algunas disciplinas influyentes como la sociología histórica, critica su tendencia a obscurecer las políticas raciales dentro del orden mundial moderno. Por tanto, este propone un acercamiento al nexo desarrollo/seguridad, primeramente desde una repolitización de estos conceptos, y en segundo lugar, desde las narrativas de la Revolución Haitiana y las políticas raciales desarrolladas durante dicho periodo de la historia del mundo moderno.

  • English

    In this article, the author proposes a critical approach to the development/security nexus. He argues that, despite recent researches in Social Sciences and International Relations, the question of race is still at the margins of the discipline, specially when it comes to understand post Cold War conflicts in the third world and the extended discourse of �failed states�. Recognizing the re-historicizing work done from some influential disciplines as historical sociology, he criticizes their tendency to obscure the politics of race within the modern world order. Therefore, he proposes an approach to the development/security nexus, firstly from a re-politicization of these concepts, and secondly, from the narratives of the Haitian Revolution and the politics of race developed during this period in the Modern World History.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • DE ANGELIS, Massimo, “Marx and Primitive Accumulation: The Continuous Character of Capital’s ‘Enclosures’”, en The Commoner, 2001, (http://www.commoner.org.uk/02deangelis.pdf).
  • ANSELL, Amy E., New Right, New Racism: Race and Reaction in the United States and Britain, New York University Press, Nueva York, 1997.
  • ARAVAMUDAN, Srinivas, “Review: Trop(Icaliz)ing the Enlightenment”, en Diacritics, vol. 23, nº 3, 1993, ps. 48-68.
  • AYOOB, Mohammed, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict and the International System, Lynne Rienner, Londres,...
  • BAKKER, Isabella y GILL, Stephen, Power, Production and Social Reproduction: Human Insecurity in the Global Political Economy, Palgrave, Londres,...
  • BALIBAR, Etienne, “Is There a “Neo-Racism”?”, en BALIBAR, Etienne y WALLERSTEIN, Immanuel (eds.), Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities,...
  • BANDOW, Doug, “Haiti’s Requiem for Nation-Building”, en National Review Online, 1/03/2004 (http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/bandow200403010852.asp).
  • BARKAWI, Tarak y LAFFEY, Mark, “The Postcolonial Moment in Security Studies”, en Review of International Studies, vol. 32, nº 2, 2006, ps....
  • BARKER, Martin, The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe, Junction Books, Londres, 1981.
  • BECKLES, Hilary, “Divided to the Vein: The Problem of Race, Color and Class Conflict in Haitian NationBuilding, 1804-1820”, en BECKLES, Hilary...
  • BECKLES, Hilary, ““Capitalism, Slavery and Caribbean Modernity”, en Callaloo, vol. 20, nº 4, 1997, ps. 777-89.
  • BILGIN, Pinar y MORTON, Adam D., “Historicizing Representations of Failed States”: Beyond the ColdWar Annexation of the Social Sciences?”,...
  • BLACKBURN, Robin, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848, Verso, Londres, 1988.
  • BLACKBURN, Robin, The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492-1800, Verso, Londres, 1997.
  • BORSTELMANN, Thomas, The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
  • BREWER, John, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688-1783, Routledge, Londres, 1989.
  • BULL, Hedley, “The Revolt against the West”, en, BULL, Hedley y WATSON, Adam (eds.), The Expansion of International Society, Clarendon Press,...
  • CAFFENTZIS, C. George, “The Fundamental Implications of the Debt Crisis for Social Reproduction in Africa”, en DALLA COSTA, Mariarosa y DALLA...
  • Constitución de 1801: (http://www.marxists.org/history/haiti/1801/constitution.htm), Visitada en marzo de 2006.
  • Constitución de 1805: (http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/earlyhaiti/ 1805-const.htm). Visitada en diciembre de 2004.
  • Constitución de 1807: (http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/earlyhaiti/1807-const.htm). Visitada en diciembre de 2004.
  • COOPER, Frederick, HOLT, Thomas C., y SCOTT, Rebecca J., “Introduction”, en, COOPER, Frederick, HOLT, Thomas C., y SCOTT, Rebecca J. (eds.),...
  • COOPER, Robert, “The New Liberal Imperialism”, en The Observer, 7 de abril de 2002, (http://observer. guardian.co.uk/worldview/story/0,,680095,00.html).
  • DAYAN, Joan, “Codes of Law and Bodies of Color”, en New Literary History, vol. 26, nº 2, 1995, ps. 283-308.
  • DRESCHER, Seymour, “Capitalism and Slavery after Fifty Years”, en Slavery and Abolition, vol. 18, nº 3, 1997, ps. 212-27.
  • DUBOIS, Laurent, “‘Our Three Colors’: The King, the Republic and the Political Culture of Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue”, en Historical...
  • DUBOIS, Laurent, “An Enslaved Enlightenment: Rethinking the Intellectual History of the French Atlantic”, en Social History, vol. 31, nº1,...
  • DUFFIELD, Mark, “The Symphony of the Damned: Racial Discourse, Complex Political Emergencies and Humanitarian Aid”, en Disasters, vol. 20,...
  • DUPUY, Alex, Haiti in the World Economy: Class, Race, and Underdevelopment since 1700, Westview Press, Londres, 1989.
  • FANNING, Sara C., “The Roots of Early Black Nationalism: Northern African Americans’ Invocations of Haiti in the Early Nineteenth Century”,...
  • FANON, Frantz, Toward the African Revolution, Monthly Review Press, Londres, 1967.
  • FEARON, James D. y LAITIN, David, “Neotrusteeship and the Problem of Weak States”, en International Security, vol. 28, nº 4, 2004, ps. 5-43.
  • FICK, Carolyn E., The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 1990.
  • FICK, Carolyn E., “Emancipation in Haiti: From Plantation Labour to Peasant Proprietorship”, en Slavery and Abolition, vol. 21, nº 2, 2000,...
  • FINE, Ben, “The Developmental State is Dead—Long Live Social Capital?”, en Development and Change, vol. 30, nº 1, 1999, ps. 1-19.
  • FISCHER, Sibylle, Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, Duke University Press, Londres, 2004.
  • FUND FOR PEACE, Failed States Index, 2007. (http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index. php?option=com_content&task=view&id=229&Itemid=366).
  • GARRAWAY, Doris L., The Libertine Colony: Creolization in the early French Caribbean, Duke University Press, Durham, 2005.
  • GARRIGUS, John D., “Redrawing the Colour Line: Gender and the Social Construction of Race in PreRevolutionary Haiti”, en Journal of Caribbean...
  • GEGGUS, David P., Haitian Revolutionary Studies, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis, 2002.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism. Volume 2: The Nation-State and Violence, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1985.
  • HALL, Gwendolyn M., Social Control in Slave Plantation Societies: A Comparison of St. Domingue and Cuba, Johns Hopkins University Press, Londres,...
  • HARDT, Michael y NEGRI, Antonio, Empire, Harvard University Press, Londres, 2000.
  • HARVEY, David, The New Imperialism, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003.
  • HELMAN, Gerald B. y RATNER, Steven R., “Saving Failed States”, en Foreign Policy, nº 89, 1993, ps. 3-21.
  • HOBDEN, Stephen y HOBSON, John M., Historical Sociology of International Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
  • HOBSON, John M. y SHARMAN, Jason C., “The Enduring Place of Hierarchy in World Politics: Tracing the Social Logics of Hierarchy and Political...
  • HOLSTI, K. J., “War, Peace, and the State of the State”, en International Political Science Review, vol. 16, nº 4, 1995, ps. 319-39.
  • HUNTINGTON, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, Londres, 1968.
  • ISAACS, Harold R., Color in World Affairs, en Foreign Affairs, nº 47, 1969, ps. 235--50.
  • JAMES, C. L. R., The Black Jacobins, Penguin, Londres 2001.
  • JANOWITZ, Morris, Military Institutions and Coercion in the Developing Nations, University of Chicago Press, Londres, 1977.
  • JONES, Matthew, “A ‘Segregated’ Asia?: Race, the Bandung Conference, and Pan-Asianist Fears in American Thought and Policy, 1954-1955”, en...
  • KAPLAN, Robert D., Balkan Ghosts: A Journey through History, St Martin’s Press, Nueva York, 1993.
  • KAPLAN, Robert D., “The Coming Anarchy”, en Atlantic Monthly, vol. 273, nº 2, 1994, ps. 44-76.
  • KING, Gary y ZENG, Langche, “Improving Forecasts of State Failure”, en World Politics, nº 53, 2001, ps. 623-58.
  • KOTHARI, Uma, “Critiquing ‘Race’ and Racism in Development Discourse and Practice”, en Progress in Development Studies, vol. 6, nº 6, 2006,...
  • KRASNER, Stephen D. y PASCUAL, Carlos, “Addressing State Failure”, en Foreign Affairs, vol. 84, nº 4, 2005, ps. 153-63.
  • LACERTE, Robert K., “The Evolution of Land and Labor in the Haitian Revolution, 1791-1820”, en Americas, nº 34, 1978, ps. 449-59.
  • LACERTE, Robert K., “Xenophobia and Economic Decline: The Haitian Case, 1820-1843”, en Americas vol. 37, nº 4, 1981, ps. 499-515.
  • LAGUERRE, Michel S., The Military and Society in Haiti, Macmillan, Londres, 1993.
  • LANGLEY, Lester D., The Americas in the Age of Revolution, 1750-1850, Yale University Press, Londres, 1996.
  • LAUREN, Paul G., Power and Prejudice: The Politics and Diplomacy of Racial Discrimination, Westview Press, Londres, 1996.
  • LEFTWICH, Adrian, “Governance, the State and the Politics of Development”, en Development and Change, vol. 25, nº 2, 1994, ps. 363-86.
  • LEMELLE, Tilden J. y SHEPHERD, George W., “Race in the Future of International Relations”, en Journal of International Affairs, vol. 25, nº...
  • LENTIN, Alana, “Replacing ‘Race’, Historicizing ‘Culture ‘in Multiculturalism”, en Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 39, nº 4, 2005, ps. 379-96.
  • LUNDAHL, Mats, “Defense and Distribution: Agricultural Policy in Haiti during the Reign of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, 1804-1806”, en Politics...
  • LUNDAHL, Mats, “Government and Inefficiency in the Haitian Economy: The Nineteenth Century Legacy”, en Politics or Markets? Essays on Haitian...
  • LUNDAHL, Mats, “Toussaint L’Ouverture and the War Economy of Saint-Domingue, 1796-1802”, en BECKLES, Hilary y SEPHERD, Verene (eds.), Caribbean...
  • LUSTICK, Ian S., “The Absence of Middle Eastern Great Powers: Political ‘Backwardness’ in Historical Perspective”, en International Organization,...
  • MAINGOT, Anthony P., “Haiti and the Terrified Consciousness of the Caribbean”, en, OOSTINDIE, GERT (ed.), Ethnicity in the Caribbean, Macmillan,...
  • MANN, Michael, The Sources of Social Power, Volume 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to A.D.1760, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,...
  • MANN, Michael, Sources of Social Power, Volume 2: The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,...
  • MATTHEWSON, Tim, A Proslavery Foreign Policy: Haitian-American Relations during the Early Republic, Praeger, Londres, 2003.
  • McNEILL, William H., The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force and Society Since A.D. 1000, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1983.
  • MINTZ, Sidney W., “Can Haiti Change?”, en Foreign Affairs, vol. 74, nº 1, 1995, ps. 73-86.
  • MINTZ, Sidney W.,“Enduring Substances, Trying Theories: The Caribbean Region as Oikoumene”, en Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute,...
  • MORGENTHAU, Hans J., The Purpose of American Politics, Alfred A. Knopf, Nueva York, 1960.
  • MUNRO, Martin y WALCOTT-HACKSHAW, Elizabeth, Reinterpreting the Haitian Revolution and Its Cultural Aftershocks, University of West Indies...
  • NICHOLLS, David, Haiti in Caribbean Context: Ethnicity, Economy and Revolt, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1985.
  • PREISWERK, A. R., “Race and Color in International Relations”, en KEETON, George W. y SCHWARZENBERGER, Georg (eds.), The Year Book of World...
  • PYE, Lucian, “The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped Countries”, en JOHNSON, J.J. (ed.), Armies in the Process of Political Modernization,...
  • RASLER, Karen A. y THOMPSON, William R., “War Making and State Making: Governmental Expenditures, Tax Revenues, and Global Wars”, en American...
  • RICHARDS, Paul, Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone, James Curry, Oxford, 1996.
  • ROTBERG, Robert, “Failed States in a World of Terror”, en Foreign Affairs, vol. 81, nº 4, 2002, ps. 127- 40.
  • SANTIAGO-VALLES, Kelvin, “Racially Subordinate Labour Within Global Contexts: Robinson and Hopkins Re-Examined”, en Race and Class, vol. 47,...
  • SHELLER, Mimi, Democracy after Slavery: Black Publics and Peasant Radicalism in Haiti and Jamaica, Macmillan, Londres, 2000.
  • SHILLIAM, Robert, “What about Marcus Garvey? Race and the Transformation of Sovereignty Debate”, en Review of International Studies, vol....
  • SKOCPOL, Theda, “Introduction”, en, EVANS, Peter B., RUESCHEMEYER, Dietrich y SKOCPOL, Theda (eds.), Bringing the State Back In, Cambridge...
  • SMITH, Mark M., “Old South Time in Comparative Perspective”, en The American Historical Review, vol. 101, nº 5, 1996, ps. 1432-69.
  • SOEDERBERG, Susanne, “American Empire and ‘Excluded States’: The Millennium Challenge Account and the Shift to Pre-emptive Development”, en...
  • STEIN, Robert, “The Abolition of Slavery in the North, West, and South of Saint Domingue”, en The Americas, vol. 41, nº 3, 1985, ps. 47-55.
  • STINCHCOMBE, Arthur, “Class Conflict and Diplomacy. Haitian Isolation in the Nineteenth-Century World System”, en Sociological Perspectives,...
  • SØRENSEN, Georg, “War and State-Making—Why Doesn’t It Work in the Third World?”, en Security Dialogue, vol. 32, nº 3, 2011, ps. 341-54.
  • THIES, Cameron G., “State Building, Interstate and Intrastate Rivalry: A Study of PostColonial Developing Country Extractive Efforts, 1975-2000”,...
  • THORNTON, John K., “African Soldiers in the Haitian Revolution”, en Journal of Caribbean History, vol. 25, 1991, ps. 59-80.
  • THORNTON, John K., “’I Am the Subject of the King of Congo’: African Political Ideology and the Haitian Revolution”, en Journal of World History,...
  • TILLY, Charles, Coercion, Capital and European States A.D. 990-1992, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992.
  • TINKER, Hugh, Race, Conflict and the International Order: From Empire to United Nations, Macmillan Press, Londres, 1977.
  • TROUILLOT, Michel-Rolph, Haiti, State against Nation: The Origins and Legacy of Duvalierism, Monthly Review Press, Nueva York, 1990.
  • VINCENT, R.J., “Race in International Relations”, en International Affairs, vol. 58, nº 4, 1982, ps. 658- 70.
  • VITALIS, Robert, “The Graceful and Generous Liberal Gesture: Making Racism Invisible in American International Relations”, en Millennium,...
  • WOOD, Ellen M., “The Separation of the Economic and the Political in Capitalism”, en New Left Review, nº 127, 1981, ps. 66-95.