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Dr. Raffaelli's Reply to my article highlights some very useful areas for further exploration in the realm of global administrative law and inter-institutional interactions. Calling this a rejoinder may be a bit of a misnomer since I believe we are actually in broad agreement. In the spirit of debate, I will first draw out one apparent point of divergence - whether this is actually an instance of horizontal review - before canvassing our substantive areas of agreement.
Raffaelli asserts that, strictly speaking, the Parliamentary Assembly's (PA's) review of the World Health Organization (WHO) cannot be seen as an exercise of horizontal review between international organizations. She rightly points out that, according to the Statute, the PA is simply the "deliberative" arm of the Council of Europe, with the power to make recommendations to the Committee of Ministers. The PA's resolution, it is reasoned, therefore has only "internal relevance", and "does not express the position of the Council of Europe at the international level".
I would question, however, whether we should be so formalistic in our understanding of horizontal review between IOs. A series of categories to classify interactions has been tentatively staked out in the emerging literature: "horizontal" interactions between institutions that are international actors; "vertical" interactions between international and national institutions, where the latter �
