Releasing minorities from the "nationalist trap": from territorial to personal autonomy in a "multiple demoi europe"

• Autores: Giovanni Matteo Quer, Sara Memo
• Localización: Cuadernos europeos de Deusto, ISSN 1130-8354, Nº 47, 2012, págs. 149-175
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.18543/ced-47-2012pp149-175
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    A pesar de que los derechos de las minorías son parte integral del acervo europeo, su protección, tal y como actualmente está definida por las legislaciones europeas y nacionales, depende todavía de un paradigma principalmente territorial. La efectividad de este "modelo westfaliano" de protección, sigue siendo cuestionada por las reivindicaciones de las nuevas minorías (migrantes) y de las minorías tradicionalmente "no-territoriales (personas de etnia gitana)". Este artículo discute y analiza la posible aplicación y adaptación del modelo de "autonomía cultural nacional", propuesto por Karl Renner sobre los sistemas jurídicos del Europa centro-oriental. A partir de la experiencia otomana del Millet, donde este modelo fue por primera vez creado y aplicado, el artículo propone un posible recurso para superar el "enredo territorial" que caracteriza sobre todo la Europa Occidental. Teniendo como punto de referencia a Oriente, Europa podría adaptar el sistema del millet a sus exigencias específicas, a fin de crear un espacio geo-político-jurídico supranacional para manejar la diversidad de manera efectiva incluyendo los derechos de las minorías en el proceso de "integración por ley".

  • English

    Although minority rights are already part of the European acquis, the protection of minorities as set forth in European national legislations still hinges upon the territorial paradigm. This "Westphalian model" of minority protection is increasingly being questioned by the claims of "new minorities" (migrants) and traditional European non-territorial minorities (Roma). This article discusses Renner's model of national cultural autonomy in the light of its first Ottoman application (Millet) and its current adaptation in the legal system of Middle-East Europe, as a potential instrument to overcome the "Western" European "territorial trap". By looking Eastward, Europe may adapt the Millet system to its specific exigencies, in order to create an inclusive supranational geo-political-legal space for effectively managing diversity and for including minority rights into the process of "integration through law".

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