El papel del capital social en la ayuda al desarrollo: Un primer análisis para la OCDE

• Autores: Marta Portela Maseda, Isabel Neira Gómez
• Localización: Revista de economía mundial, ISSN 1576-0162, Nº 30, 2012, págs. 185-208
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre el nivel de capital social de un país y su aportación en la ayuda al desarrollo. Varios trabajos han demostrado que esa ayuda sí puede influir en el nivel de capital social en un país y menos los que se han centrado en el papel de los donantes y su nivel de capital social para ver si están relacionados de alguna forma. Dado que el capital social se define como redes, confianza y normas que ayudan a la cooperación cabría esperar que los países con un mayor nivel de ese capital sean, realmente, los que destinan una mayor cantidad proporcional de ayuda al desarrollo.

    El trabajo presenta una primera referencia al concepto de capital social y de ayuda al desarrollo para, posteriormente, realizar un análisis de los datos disponibles y por último presentar un modelo econométrico que ayudará a ver si hay o no relación entre ambas magnitudes. La estimación planteada se realiza teniendo en cuenta los datos disponibles de World Value Surveys (WVS), con lo que se realiza una estimación estática de datos de panel, así como una estimación dinámica a través del estimador Arellano y Bond en 2-etapas.

  • English

    This paper analyzes the relationship between the level of social capital of a country and its contribution to development aid. Several studies have shown that it can help influence the level of social capital in a country and fewer people have focused on the role of donors and their level of social capital to see if they are related in some way. Given that social capital defined as networks, trust and rules that help the cooperation could be expected that countries with higher levels of capital are actually, which spend a greater proportional amount of development aid.

    We will start with a brief reference to the concept of social capital and development aid to subsequently perform an analysis of available data and finally present an econometric model that will help us to see if there is any connection between the two magnitudes. The proposed estimate is carried out taking into account the available data of World Value Surveys (WVS), which is estimated in panel data static and a dynamic estimation by Arellano and Bond estimator in 2-stages.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alesina, A., y Dollar, D. (2000): "Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?" Journal of Economic Growth, 33-63.
  • Alonso, J. A. (1999): "La eficacia de la ayuda: nuevos saberes y viejas manías", Insituciones y desarrollo 5, 213-231.
  • Berman, S. (1997): "Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic", World Politics, 49(3), 401-429.
  • Beynon, J. (2001): "Policy Implications for Aid Allocations of Recent Research of Aid Effectiveness and Selectivity", Paper presented...
  • Boone, P. (1996): "Politics and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid", European Economic Review, 40(2), 289-329.
  • Boza Chirino, J., y Báez Melián, J. M. (2003): Un modelo MIMIC para estudiar la Eficacia de la Ayuda Oficial al desarrollo. Documento de Trabajo...
  • Burnside, G., y Dollar, D. (1997): Aid, Policies and Growth, Research Working Paper, no 1777, World Bank.
  • Burnside, G., y Dollar, D. (2000): "Aid, Policies and Growth", The American Economic Review, 90(4), 847-868.
  • Choritz, S. (2002): Literature Review of Evaluative Evidence on the Three Drivers of Effective Development: Ownership, Policy and Capacity...
  • Coleman, J. (1988): "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital", American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120.
  • Collier, P. (1998): Social Capital and Poverty, The World Bank: Social Development Family, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development...
  • Cuesta, J., González, M., y Larrú, J. M. (2006): "¿Contribuye la ayuda al desarrollo a reducir la desigualdad?", Revista de Economía...
  • Dollar, D., y Kraay, A. (2002): "Growth Is Good for the Poor", Journal of Economic Growth, 7, 195-225.
  • Dollar, D., y Pritchett, L. (1998): Assessing Aid-What Works, What Doesn't, and Why, World Bank Policy Research and Oxford University...
  • Durlauf, S. N., y Fafchamps, M. (2004): Social capital, NBER Working Paper Series no 10485.
  • Easterly, W., y Pfutze, T. (2008): "Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid", Journal of Economic Perspectives,...
  • European and World Values Surveys. (2006): "European and World Values Surveys Four-wave Integrated Data File, 1981-2004", v.20060423....
  • Feyzioglu, T., Swaroop, V., y Zhu, M. (1998): "A Panel Data Analysis of the Fungibility of Foreign Aid", The World Bank Economic Review,...
  • Greve, A., Benassi, M., y Sti, A. (2006): "Exploring the Contributions of Human and Social Capital to Productivity", Sunbelt XXVI,...
  • Grootaert, C. (1998): Social Capital: The Missing Link?, Initiative Working Paper, No 3, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
  • Hansen, H., y Tarp, F. (2000): "Aid Effectiveness Disputed", Journal of International Development, 12(3), 375-398.
  • Knack, S. (2001): "Aid Dependence and the Quality of Governance: Cross-Country Empirical Tests", Southren Economic Journal, 68(2),...
  • Knack, S., y Eubank, N. (2009): Aid and Trust in Country Systems, Policy Research Working Paper Series, World Bank.
  • Knowles, S. (2002): Does Social Capital Affect Foreign Aid Allocations? Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade,...
  • Knowles, S. (2005): The Future of Social Capital in Development Economics Research, A paper prepared for the WIDER Jubilee Conference (Thinking...
  • Knowles, S. (2007): "Social Capital, Egalitarianism and Foreign Aid Allocations", Journal of International Development, 19, 299-314.
  • Krishna, A. (2008): "Social Capital and Economic Development", en D. Castiglione, J. W. Van Deth, y G. Wolleb (Edit.): The handbook...
  • Kudlyak, M. (2002): Foreign Aid and Growth: Do the Transition Economies Have a Different Story To Tell? Economic Education and Research Consortium.
  • Larrú Ramos, J. M. (2006): "Ayuda al desarrollo y buen gobierno en los países de Renta Media. Recomendaciones para España", Instituciones...
  • Larrú Ramos, J. M. (2009): La ayuda al desarrollo: ¿reduce la pobreza?, Colección Biblioteca Nueva, 8.
  • Levy, V. (1998): "Aid and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Recent Experience", European Economic Review, 32, 1777-1795.
  • Mosley, P., Hudson, J., y Horrel, S. (1987): "Aid, the Public Sector and the Market in Less. Developed Economies", The Economic Journal,...
  • Nanthikesan, S. (2003): Indicators for Development Effectiveness. Prepared for the Evaluation Office of UNDP.
  • Narayan, D., y Pritchett, L. (2000): "Social Capital: Evidence and Implications", en P. Dasgupta, y I. Seragilden (Edits.), Social...
  • Neira, I., Vázquez, E., y Portela, M. (2009): "An Empirical Analysis of Social Capital and Economic Growth in Europe (1980-2000)",...
  • Neumayer, E. (2003): "The Determinants of Aid Allocation by Regional Multilateral Development Banks and United Nations Agencies",...
  • OCDE (2001): Aid at a Glance. Obtenido de www.oecd.org/dac.
  • OCDE (2001): Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Aid Recipients 1995/99.
  • OCDE (2004): Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Aid Recipients 1998/2002.
  • OCDE-DAC (1991): Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance.
  • OCDE-DAC (2001): Policy Guidance for Strategies for Sustainable Development.
  • Participantes del Foro de Alto Nivel (2005): Declaración de París sobre la eficacia de la ayuda al desarrollo, París.
  • Pérez García, F., Serrano Martínez, L., Montesinos Santalucía, V., y Fernández de Guevara Radoselovics, J. (2006): Measurement of Social Capital...
  • Portela Maseda, M., y Neira, I. (2004): "Educación, cooperación y desarrollo: La situación Latinoamericana a comienzos del Siglo XXI",...
  • Productivity Commission (2003): Social Capital: Reviewing the Concept and its Policy Implications, Research Paper, Camberra.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1995): "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital", Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000): Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community, Simon y Schuster, Nueva York.
  • Chaumburg-Müller, H. (1996): Evaluation Capacity Building: Donor Support and Experiences, DAC, Expert Group on Aid Evaluation.
  • Simon, D. J. (2003): Developed Countries, the 'Three Drivers,' and Instruments to Promote Development, For the United Nations Development...
  • Tsikata, T. (1998): Aid Effectiveness - A Survey of the Recent Empirical Literature. IMF Papers on Policy Analysis and Assessments. No 98/1.
  • Uphoff, N. (2000): "Understanding Social Capital: Learning from the Analysis and Experience of Participation", en P. Dasgupta, y I....
  • Uslaner, E. M. (1999): "Trust and Consequences", Paper presented to the Communitarian Summit, Arlington VA.
  • Uslaner, E. M. (2008): "Trust a Moral Value", en D. Castiglione, y J. W. van Deth (2008): The Handbook of Social Capital, 101-121,...
  • Valladares, A., y Neira, I. (2003): Impacto de la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo en Centroamerica, Estudios económicos de Desarrollo Internacional,...