The resettlement of the Chinese diaspora in mainland China and the return of Hong Kong under the control of the Popular Republic question the fragile consensus that had allowed the diaspora to become such an important economic power in Southeast Asia. Its divided loyalties tend to limit its room for manoeuvering between, on the one hand, Beijing which is trying to control it and, on the other, Djakarta or Kuala Lumpur which would like to keep the investments of the Chinese communities.
Le retour de Hong Kong à la Chine et l’implantation croissante de la diaspora chinoise sur le continent remettent en cause le fragile consensus qui a permis à celle-ci de devenir une puissance économique incontournable en Asie du Sud- Est. Sa double loyauté réduit considérablement sa marge de manoeuvre entre, d’une part, Pékin qui essaie de reprendre le contrôle de ces populations et, d’autre part, Djakarta ou Kuala Lumpur, par exemple, qui aimeraient conserver à leur profit l’investissement de leurs communautés chinoises.