Cambio institucional en América latina: modelos externos y consecuencias no previstas

• Autores: Kurt Weyland
• Localización: América latina hoy: Revista de ciencias sociales, ISSN 1130-2887, VOL. 57, 2011 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Análisis histórico-comparado), págs. 117-143
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14201/alh.8125
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Institutional change in Latin America: external models and their unintended consequences
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 4 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Influyentes teorías aseguran que las instituciones moldean el comportamiento de los actores, pero están fundamentadas en el comportamiento de estos mismos actores. ¿Cómo evitan los académicos esta trampa de endogeneidad? Este artículo resalta la relevancia de un factor parcialmente exógeno: los modelos institucionales y sus diseños. Dado que estos esquemas conceptuales no emergen de las preferencias de los actores, juegan un papel independiente, irreducible en la creación institucional. De hecho, América Latina ha tomado prestados muchos diseños del «Primer Mundo». Sin embargo, una vez importados a un escenario distinto, estos modelos frecuentemente fracasan a la hora de garantizar un cumplimiento confiable y firme, por lo que no operan bien. Así, aparecen mecanismos informales que guían el comportamiento de los actores.

    El préstamo externo produce, de esta manera, fracturas persistentes en el desarrollo institucional.

  • English

    Influential theories claim that institutions shape actor behavior but are sustained by these actors� behavior. How do scholars escape from this trap of endogeneity? This article highlights a partially exogenous factor: institutional models and blueprints. Since these ideational schemes do not emerge from actor preferences, they play an independent, irreducible role in institutional creation. In fact, Latin America has borrowed many blueprints from the «First World».

    But transferred to a different setting, these imported models often fail to command firm, reliable compliance and do not operate well. Therefore, informal mechanisms arise and guide behavior.

    External borrowing thus produces persistent disjunctures in institutional development.

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