Ciudades chinas: ¿Un "escenario de riesgo"?. Desigualdad, malestar social y la política del esencialismo cultural

• Autores: Roberta Zavoretti
• Localización: Revista CIDOB d'afers internacionals, ISSN 1133-6595, ISSN-e 2013-035X, Nº. 89-90, 2010 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Asia en desarrollo: escenarios de riesgos y oportunidades), págs. 103-125
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • La "creciente desigualdad" en China se describe a menudo como el "efecto colateral" del milagro económico del país, y como una amenaza potencial a su estabilidad y prosperidad. Centrándose en varios enfoques alternativos de la relación existente entre el crecimiento del PIB y la pobreza/bienestar, este artículo sostiene que el fracaso en el acceso a los beneficios sociales entre los trabajadores urbanos y la creciente desigualdad en las ciudades chinas son dos aspectos centrales en el rediseño radical de la sociedad llevado a cabo en la China post Mao, y que es esencial tener en cuenta la complejidad de la situación para percibir nuevas dimensiones de privilegio y vulnerabilidad. Después de la aparición de una serie cada vez mayor de conflictos y protestas relacionados con el empleo, los expertos debaten los riesgos que el malestar social podría tener y, a menudo, apelan a la cultura china como un elemento muy necesario a la hora de esbozar escenarios fiables. Pero, para captar el proyecto de modernización de China en toda su complejidad, es necesario evitar las lecturas esencialistas de la cultura y adoptar un enfoque crítico en el estudio de la sociedad. Este artículo intenta ampliar el alcance de nuestras preguntas y preocupaciones acerca de estabilidad social china, y sugiere líneas alternativas de estudio de la sociedad china.

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