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This article entitled “the role of international theories for understanding current international society. Special emphasis on Realism”, which analyses the plurality and the diversity of the discipline of International Relations, is divided into two parts. The first part explains the two main theoretical poles of the science of International Relations (Rationalism and Reflectivism), their central objectives for the study of international reality, their vision-contribution to the knowledge of international society, as well as the theories arising from each of them. The second focuses on the most relevant theory of the discipline, Realism, to address its main characteristics and the role it plays in the conflictive international scene of the present time. In this sense, the theoretical realist postulates applied to the complex and dramatic war between Ukraine and Russia are analyzed, as well as the responses of the different international actors, among which the European Unión (EU) stands out.
