Acceso usuarios
Nacima Baron-Yelles 
At the time of the signing of the European Charter, the European horizon was still a source of hope and fitted well with the French government's efforts to continue providing the region with a "modern" object. Institutional security depended on prosperity, and infrastructure was what marked the modernization of French space. At that time, the economic perspective seemed more central than ever to the development of planning policies in France and Europe. The idea of ecological planning emerged in the mid-2010s. On the one hand, it was intended to preserve the bases of economic activity, on the other, it has been expressed, especially since the Paris COP in 2015, that climate change and its effects due to catastrophic events represented new challenges for security and sovereignty. The figures of water, soil and air protection, decarbonization, sobriety and the circular economy are among the pillars of this new spatial planning discourse. The text attempts to demonstrate that this public policy maintains a stable doctrinal framework, despite the emergence of new concepts and approaches and the variability of political tools, located at different institutional levels but always heavily financed by the central state
