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In recent years, a concerning trend has emerged across the Western Balkans: a decline in citizens’ valuation of democracy. Despite strong majorities expressing a preference for democracy, growing scepticism about its actual effectiveness is pervasive. This article delves into the factors contributing to this growing threat to democracy, such as the erosion of confidence in government institutions and the prioritisation of quality of life over democratic standards, especially among the youth. Together with the exacerbating influences on these trends of foreign powers such as Russia and China, persistent unresolved ethnic tensions, and political instability, these dynamics directly impact regional security and, ultimately, the defence of Europe.
The article examines a concerning shift in the perception of democracy within the region which has resulted in rising support for strong leaders and the decline of democratic values. External actors, particularly Russia and China, play a significant role in shaping internal factors through aggressive disinformation campaigns, fostering geopolitical alternatives, and challenging democratic ideals. These campaigns manipulate public opinion, escalate ethnic tensions, and erode trust in democratic processes. Addressing these multifaceted threats necessitates a comprehensive strategy encompassing media literacy initiatives, robust regulatory and self-regulatory frameworks, and strengthened international cooperation. Recognising these challenges as direct threats to European security – and boldly confronting them – is an urgent priority. Kosovo is taken as a case study since it stands at a crossroads where competing narratives collide, epitomising a profound clash between pro-democracy, pro-Western values and the pro-Russian sentiments fostered by Serbia’s state-controlled media, particularly influential among Kosovo Serbs.
