Acceso usuarios
Lucio Pegoraro 
El artículo, que critica el eurocentrismo que caracteriza los estudios constitucionalistas, ilustra la «Carta del Manden» promulgada en Malí en el siglo xiii, en los mismos años que la Carta Magna. Destaca su modernidad y su carácter de verdadera «Constitución», que regula orgánicamente tanto la «forma de gobierno» como la «forma de Estado», es decir, la organización de la sociedad y del poder, los derechos individuales, sociales y de «tercera generación», los deberes comunitarios, las relaciones internacionales, el respeto de la tradición y de la naturaleza. El estudio indica en la «Carta del Manden» un pródromo de la forma de Estado actual denominada Caring State, que combina el respeto al individuo, las obligaciones para la comunidad, la participación activa de todos (jóvenes, mujeres, desfavorecidos sobre todo), la naturaleza como protagonista y no como objeto de explotación.
The article, criticizing the Eurocentrism that characterizes constitutionalist studies, illustrates the «Manden Charter» promulgated in Mali in the 13th century, in the same years as Magna Charta. It highlights its modernity and its character as a true «constitution», organically regulating both the «form of government» and the «form of state», namely organization of society and power, individual, social, «third generation rights», community duties, international relations, respect for tradition and nature. The study points to the «Manden Charter» as a prodrome of today’s form of state called the Caring State, which combines respect for the individual, obligations to the community, active participation of all (youth, women, disadvantaged people first and foremost), nature, as the protagonist and not as an object of exploitation.
Summary:1. A TALE OF RESILIENCE. 2. THE UNKNOWN HISTORY OF THE CHARTER. 3. CAN THE MANDEN CHARTER BE CONSIDERED A ‘CONSTITUTION’? 4. PRINCIPLES, RULES, PROVERBS, AND TALES. 5. THE ‘FORM OF STATE’ IN THE TRADITIONAL SENSE: THE CATALOGUE OF RIGHTS. 5.1. Individual rights. 5.2. Social rights. 6. THE ‘ECONOMIC CONSTITUTION’. 7. DUTIES. 8. THIRD-GENERATION RIGHTS; OR, A NEW FORM OF STATE: NATURE AND FUTURE GENERATIONS. 8.1. Nature as constituent actor within form of the State. 8.2. Subjects: ‘us’ and those who will come after us. 9. ORGANISING THE COMMUNITY (THE ‘FORM OF GOVERNMENT’). 10. MANDEN: THE ‘STATE’ AND THE BEGINNING OF PLURALISM AS THE ‘FORM OF STATE’. 10.1. Can Manden Empire be considered a ‘state’? 10.2. The form of state. 11. THIRTEENTH CENTURY: MAGNA CHARTA VS CHARTER OF THE MANDEN.
