Promoviendo la sostenibilidad alimentaria: a través de la fijación simbiótica de nitrógeno en plantas no leguminosas y mediante rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento en los cereales

• Autores: Mariana López Sámano, Kalpana Nanjareddy, Manojkumar Arthikala
• Localización: Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo, ISSN-e 1989-4155, Vol. 16, Nº. 11, 2024
• Idioma: portugués
• DOI: 10.55905/cuadv16n11-053
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • La seguridad alimentaria global enfrenta numerosos desafíos interconectados, como el cambio climático, el desperdicio de alimentos y la creciente población. En este contexto, la agricultura sostenible emerge como una solución clave, destacando la importancia de los microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno y las rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento (GPR) en cultivos no leguminosos, como los cereales. Este artículo examina cómo estos microorganismos pueden mejorar la eficiencia en el uso de nutrientes, reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes químicos y contribuir a la salud del suelo. La fijación biológica de nitrógeno, principalmente a través de simbiosis y asociaciones, se está explorando en cereales como el maíz, el arroz y el trigo, mostrando resultados prometedores en el aumento del rendimiento y la resiliencia de los cultivos. Además, se discute cómo las GPR, mediante la producción de hormonas y la solubilización de nutrientes, pueden mejorar el crecimiento de las plantas y su resistencia a factores de estrés. Este enfoque multifacético representa un camino hacia un futuro más sostenible en la producción agrícola.

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