Acceso usuarios
Luis Antonio Muñoz Hernández, Luis Orlando Toro Garzón
La justicia transicional y la justicia restaurativa, que cuentan con estándares internacionales ya delineados, al menos en su concepto multidimensional son propias de sociedades complejas, diversas, móviles, significativas, pero no encajan en la sociedad colombiana, que insiste en instituciones y estructuras estáticas, hobbesianas, tradicionales y moralmente monistas. De acuerdo con estudios publicados en mayo de 2021, Colombia tiene un alto nivel de impunidad y uno de los más altos índices de criminalidad organizada del planeta. La ley procesal penal de 2004 y el Acuerdo de Paz de 2016 establecen la justicia restaurativa, pero la modalidad de justicia transicional que se aplica es la retributiva. En este estudio se pudo demostrar que, aforismos como: “Justicia transicional: paso del caos a la democracia” o “Justicia restaurativa: insignia de la justicia transicional”, no se pueden aplicar de forma absoluta. La investigación revela que hace falta un giro ontológico y epistemológico que dinamice las estructuras tradicionales dominantes, con aquellas novedosas tendencias sociales, políticas y jurídicas.
Transitional justice and restorative justice, which have international standards already outlined, at least in their multidimensional concept, are typical of complex, diverse, mobile, and significant societies, but they do not fit in Colombian society, which insists on static, Hobbesian, traditional, and morally monistic institutions, and structures. According to studies published in May 2021, today Colombia has an important level of impunity and one of the highest rates of organized crime on the planet. The criminal procedural law and the 2016 Peace Agreement established restorative justice, but the modality of transitional justice that is applied is the retributive one. It was possible to demonstrate in this study that aphorisms such as “Transitional justice, it is the passage from chaos to democracy” or “Restorative justice, is a hallmark of transitional justice,” are not absolute to apply. The research reveals that an ontological and epistemological turn must be made to invigorate the dominant traditional structures with the new social, political, and legal trends.
