A legal analysis of Kosovo’s use of the state of emergency during the Covid-19 pandemic

• Xhemajli, Haxhi ^[1] ; Çeku, Nur ^[2]
  1. [1] University of Maribor

     University of Maribor

     Eslovenia

     
  2. [2] University of Pristina

     University of Pristina

     Kosovo

     
• Localización: The Journal of legislative studies, ISSN 1357-2334, Vol. 30, Nº. 4, 2024, págs. 549-569
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1080/13572334.2022.2116887
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • The legal regulation of the state of emergency is a very wide and controversial due to the fact that the tension between the branches of government, which is not so obvious in everyday life, is often more transparent in cases of state emergency. This tension appeared in many countries as well as in Kosovo during the application of the measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, and which revolves around whether the parliament should decide on the measures taken and their financing, or if this responsibility falls within the purview of the executive branch. This paper analyses the legality of the actions taken by the government during the pandemic. Further, it examines the legal ramifications of declaring a state of emergency, the resulting tension between the branches of government and measures taken to ensure respect for human rights.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ackerman, B. (2004). The emergency constitution. Yale Law Journal, 113(open in a new window)(5(open in a new window)), 1029–1091. https://doi.org/10.2307/413571010.2307/4135710
  • Agamben, G. (2006). State of exception. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aristotel. (1999). Politics (B. Jowet Trans.). Batoche Books Kitchener. (Original work published 350 B.C.E). https://historyofeconomicthought.mcmaster.ca/aristotle/Politics.pdf
  • Bieber F. Prelec T. Djolai M. Emini D. Marović J. Majstorović S. Džihić V. Vračić A. Tzifakis N. Wunsch N. Bartlett W. Grieveson R. &...
  • Bilkova V. (2020). The Venice commission and the state of emergency Venice commission thirty - year quest for democracy through law 1990–2020....
  • Case. Lawless v Ireland (No:3) Judgments of 14 November 1960 1 EHR15 par. 23 28.
  • Chaplin, S. (2020). Protecting parliamentary democracy in “plague” times: Accountability and democratic institutions during the pandemic....
  • Cole, D. (2003). Judging the next emergency: Judicial review and individual rights in times of crisis. Michigan Law Review, 101(open in a...
  • Council of Europe. (2020). Information documents: Respecting democracy rule of law and human rights in the framework of the COVID-19 sanitary...
  • D.W. (2020 April 14). Coronavirus: What are the lockdown measures across Europe? https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-what-are-the-lockdown-measures-across-europe/a-52905137
  • Decision of Assembly No. 07-V-015 date 04.06.2020 on the Establishment of the Parliamentary Investigating Committee regarding the management...
  • Dicey, V. A. (1959). Introduction to the study of the law of the constitution (10th ed.). Liberty Classics.
  • Dyzenhaus, D. (2005). The constitution of law, legality in a time of emergency. Cambridge University Press.
  • European Commission. (2020). Commission staff working document Kosovo 2020 report. https://www.mei-ks.net/repository/docs/kosovo_report_2020.pdf
  • Gillan D. (2020). In times of crisis parliamentary democracy cannot be put ‘on hold’. https://pace.coe.int/en/news/7828/in-times-of-crisis-parliamentary-democracy-cannot-be-put-on-hold-
  • Griglio, E. (2020). Parliamentary oversight under the Covid-19 emergency: Striving against executive dominance. The Theory and Practice of...
  • Gross, O. (2003). Chaos and rules: Should responses to violent crises always be constitutional? Yale Law Journal, 112(open in a new window)(5(open...
  • Gross, O., & Aolain, F. N. (2006). Law in times of crisis: Emergency powers in theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hasani E. (2013). Komentar i Kushtetutes se Republikes se Kosovës [Commentary on the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo] GIZ.
  • Hasani E. (2019). E Drejta Kushtetuese dhe të Drejtat e Njeriut-Parimet dhe Institucionet në Hyrje në Sistemin Ligjor në Kosovë GIZ.
  • Hungarian Helsinki Committee. (2020). Unlimited power is not the panacea. Assessment of the proposed law to extend the state of emergency...
  • Jackson V. C. & Tushnet M. (2014). Comparative Consitutional Law (3rd ed.). University Casebook Series.
  • Khakee A. (2009). Securing semocracy? A comparative analysis of emergency powers in Europe (DCAF). https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/99550/pp30_anna_khakee_emergency_powers.pdf
  • Lazar, N. C. (2009). States of emergency in liberal democracies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN-13 978-0-511-59630-8.
  • Levinson S. & Balkin J. M. (2010). Constitutional dictatorship: Its dangers and its design. Minisota Law Rewiev.
  • Özbudun E. & Turhan M. (1995). Emergency powers. European Commission for Democracy through Law. Venice Commission. venice.coe.int
  • Petrov J. (2020). The COVID-19 emergency in the age of executive aggrandizement: What role for legislative and judicial checks? The Theory...
  • Ramraj, V. (2008). Emergencies and the limits of legality. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ramraj, V., & Menaka, G. (2013). Emergency power. In M. Tushnet, T. Fleiner, & C. Saunders (Eds.), Routledge handbook of constitutional...
  • 10.1111/j.1467-9760.2006.00256.x
  • 10.7208/chicago/9780226738901.001.0001
  • Tushnet, M. (2005). Emergencies and the idea of constitutionalism. In M. Tushnet (Ed.), The constitution in wartime: Beyond alarmism and complacency...
  • Tushnet, M. (2007). The political constitution of emergency powers: Some lessons from Hamdan. Minnesota Law Review, 91, 1451. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr
  • Yamamoto H. (2007). Tools for parliamentary oversight A comparative study of 88 national parliaments. Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  • Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kosovo_2016.pdf?lang=en
  • The Constitution of the German Empire of August 11 1919 (Weimar Constitution) https://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/ghi_wr_weimarconstitution_Eng.pdf
  • The Constitution of the Italian Republic https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf
  • Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.pdf
  • The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia https://www.us-rs.si/media/constitution.pdf
  • The Constitution of Lithuania https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf
  • The Spanish Constitution https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionINGLES.pdf
  • The Constitution of Albania https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Albania_2016.pdf?lang=en
  • The Poland Constitution https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009.pdf?lang=en
  • The Hungarian Constitution https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Hungary_2011.pdf
  • The Constitution of Montenegro https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2007.pdf
  • The Constitution of Estonia https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Estonia_2015.pdf?lang=en
  • Code No. 06/ L-074 Criminal Code of the Repiblic of Kosovo Official Gazette of the Republik of Kosovo / No. 2 / 14 Janauary 2019 Pristina....
  • Law No. 04/L-027 for Protection Against Natural and Other Disasters Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosovo No. 22/19 October 2011 Pristina....
  • Law No. 07/L-006 on Preventing and Combating Covid-19 Pandemics in the Territory of the Republic of Kosovo Official Gazette of the Republic...
  • Law No. 07/L-016 on Economic Recovery – Covid-19 Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosovo No. 7/07 December 2020 https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=35478
  • Government Decision No. 01/15 dt. 23.03.2020 https://kryeministri.rks-gov.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ENG-Vendimet-15-mb-korresponduese.docx
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment Case No. K073/16 Applicant The Ombudsperson Constitutional review of Administrative Circular No. 01/2016...
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment in Case No. KO103/14 https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=9565
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment in Case No. KO61/20 https://gjk-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ko_61_20_agj_ang.pdf
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment in Case No. KO72/20 https://gjk-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ko_95_29_agj_ang.pdf
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment in Case No. KO95/20 https://gjk-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ko_95_29_agj_ang.pdf
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment in Cases KO 29/12 and KO48/12 Proposed Amendments of the Constitution submitted by the President of...
  • Constitutional Court of Kosovo Judgment in Case No. KO54/20 Applicant President of the Republic of Kosovo Constitutional review of Decision...
  • The Greek Case (App no 3321/67;3322/67; 3323/67; 3344/67) Commission’s Report of 5 November 1969 https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=001-73020&filename=001-73020.pdf