La libertad entendida como cooperación social: desarrollando un nuevo enfoque

• Ezequiel Spector ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez

     Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Doxa: Cuadernos de Filosofía del Derecho, ISSN-e 2386-4702, ISSN 0214-8676, Nº 48, 2024, págs. 333-363
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14198/DOXA2024.48.12
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Liberty as Social Cooperation: Developing an Alternative Approach
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    En este trabajo, argumento que las principales concepciones de la libertad (las diferentes variantes de la concepción negativa, positiva y republicana) no le han prestado la debida atención a un componente esencial de la libertad: la cooperación social. En este sentido, desarrollo una concepción de la libertad que le da a la cooperación social un papel protagónico: «libertad entendida como cooperación social» (LCS). Argumento que la actividad de elaborar y realizar planes de vida no puede comprenderse en ausencia de un entorno social donde las personas colaboran entre sí. De acuerdo con este enfoque, la cooperación social es constitutiva de la libertad. Sostengo, por otra parte, que LCS reúne elementos atractivos de concepciones previas de la libertad, pero sin dejar de ser una concepción autónoma que descansa en la idea de cooperación social.

  • English

    In this article, I argue that the main conceptions of liberty (different kinds of negative, positive, and republican liberty) have overlooked an essential component of liberty: social cooperation. I develop a conception of liberty which relies on social cooperation: «liberty as social cooperation» (LSC). I argue that forming and pursuing a life plan is an activity that cannot be understood in the absence of a social context in which individuals cooperate with each other. Thus, I hold that social cooperation is constitutive of liberty. In addition, I argue that, although LSC is an autonomous conception based on social cooperation, it includes attractive aspects of previous conceptions of liberty.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Anderson, J. y Honneth, A. (2005). «Autonomy, Vulnerability, Recognition and Justice», en Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism, John...
  • Arendt, H. (1961). «What is Freedom?», en Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought, New York, The Viking Press, 143-171.
  • Aristóteles (2015 [350 a. C]). Política, Trad. Gabriel Livov, Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes.
  • Bader, R. (2018). «Moralized Conceptions of Liberty», en The Oxford Handbook of Freedom, David Schmidtz y Carmen Pabel (eds.), New York, Oxford...
  • Berlin, I. (2002 [1958]). «Two Concepts of Liberty», en Liberty, Henry Hardy (ed.), New York, Oxford University Press, 166-217.
  • Christman, J. (2009). The Politics of Persons. Individual Autonomy and Socio-historical Selves, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Christman, J. (2013). «Can Positive Freedom Be Saved?», en Political Philosophy in the Twenty first Century. Essential Essays, Steven Cahn...
  • Christman, J. (2013b). «Freedom, Autonomy, and Social Selves», en Isaiah Berlin and the Politics of Freedom: «Two Concepts of Liberty» 50...
  • Constant, B. (1819). «The Liberty of Ancients Compared with that of Moderns», Online Library of Liberty, disponible en https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/constant-the-liberty-of-ancients-compared-with...
  • Costa, V. (2016). «Republican Liberty and Border Controls», Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, (19), 400-415
  • Crocker, L. (1980). Positive Liberty: An Essay in Normative Political Philosophy (Melbourne International Philosophy Series V 7), La Haya,...
  • Dagger, R. (1997). Civic Virtues: Rights, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Dewey, J. (1998 [1928]). «Philosophies of Freedom» en The Essential Dewey. Volume 2: Ethics, Logic, Psychology, Larry Hickman y Thomas Alexander...
  • Dicey, A. V. (1982 [1885]). Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, Indianapolis, Liberty Classics.
  • Engels, F. (2017 [1884]). El origen de la familia, la propiedad privada y el Estado, Madrid, Akal.
  • Festenstein, M. (2022). «Pragmatism and Autonomy», en The Routledge Handbook of Autonomy, Ben Colburn (ed.), London, Routledge, 85-95.
  • Fuller, Lon (1958). «Positivism and Fidelity to Law: A Reply to Hart», Harvard Law Review, (71), 630-672.
  • Garnett, M. (2021). «Unity and Disunity in the Positive Tradition», en Positive Freedom: Past, Present, and Future, John Christman (ed.),...
  • Green, T. G. (1986 [1879]). «On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and to the Moral Progress of Man», en Lectures on the...
  • Green, T. G. (1986 [1881]). «Lecture on “Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract”», en Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation...
  • Green, T. G. (2003 [1883]). Prolegomena to Ethics, David Brink (ed.), New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Green, T. G. (1986 [1895]). «Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation», en Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation and...
  • Hayek, F. (1960). The Constitution of Liberty, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
  • Hegel, F. (1969 [1812]). Science of Logic, trad. A. V. Miller, London, George Allen & Unwin.
  • Hobbes, T. (1615). Leviathan, Impreso para Andrew Crooke, en el Green Dragon en St. Paul’s Churchyard.
  • Horan, R., Bulte, E. y Shogren, J. (2005). «How Trade Saved Humanity From Biological Exclusion: An Economic Theory of Neanderthal Extinction»,...
  • Kant, I. (2016 [1797]). La metafísica de las costumbres, 4ta edición, trad. Adela Cortina Ortis y Jesús Conill Sancho, Madrid, Editorial Tecnos.
  • Kramer, S. (1981). History Begins at Sumer, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Laborde, C. (2010). «Republicanism and Global Justice: A Sketch», European Journal of Political Theory, (9), 48-69.
  • Leonard, J. N. (1994). Orígenes del hombre: La Revolución del Neolítico (I), Barcelona, Ediciones Folio.
  • Levine, S. (2020). «Identity of Self and Act: Chapter 15 of the 1932 Ethics», en John Dewey’s Ethical Theory: the 1932 Ethics, Roberto Frega...
  • Locke, J. (2003 [1689]). Two Treatises of Government, 14ava reimpresión, Peter Laslett (ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Maccallum, G. (1967). «Negative and Positive Freedom», Philosophical Review, (76), 312-334.
  • Marx, K. (1975 [1844]). «On the Jewish Question», en Early Writings, Quintin Hare (ed.), London, Penguin Books, 211-242.
  • Marx, K. (2005 [1844]). Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, en The Communist Manifesto: A Road Map to History’s Most Important Political...
  • Maynor, J. (2003). Republicanism in the Modern World, Cambridge, Polity Press.
  • Mill, J. S. (2009 [1859]). On Liberty, Auckland, The Floating Press.
  • Montesquieu (2015 [1748]). The Spirit of the Laws, 20ava impresión, A. Cohler, C. Miller y H. Stone (eds.), Cambridge, Cambridge University...
  • Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia, New York, Basic Books.
  • Nussbaum, M. (1997). «Capabilities and Human Rights», Fordham Law Review, (66), 273-300.
  • Nussbaum, M. (2000). Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Nussbaum, M. (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.
  • Patten, A. (1999). Hegel’s Idea of Freedom, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Pettit, P. (1997). Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Pettit, P. (2008). «Republican Political Theory», en Justice, Political Liberalism, and Utilitarianism: Essays from Harsanyi and Rawls, Marc...
  • Pettit, P. (2012). On the People’s Terms, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1987). «The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus», Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, (7), 1-25.
  • Rawls, J. (1993). Political Liberalism, New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Rodríguez Adrados, F. (1993). La Democracia ateniense, Madrid, Alianza Editorial.
  • Rousseau, J. (2002 [1762]). The Social Contract and The First and Second Discourses, Susan Dunn (ed.), New Haven y London, Yale University...
  • Schmidtz, D. (2023). Living Together: Inventing Moral Science, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Sen, A. (1979). «Equality of What?», Stanford University, Tanner Lectures on Human Values.
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and Capabilities, Amsterdam, North-Holland.
  • Sen, A. (2005). «Human Rights and Capabilities», Journal of Human Development, (6), 151-166.
  • Sen, A. (2004). «Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation», Feminist Economics, (10), 77-80.
  • Sen, A. (2006). Inequality Re-examined, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Skinner, Q. (1991). «The Paradoxes of Political Liberty», en Liberty, David Miller (ed.), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 183-205.
  • Skinner, Q. (1998). Liberty Before Liberalism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). «A Third Concept of Liberty», Proceedings of the British Academy, (117), 237-268.
  • Smith, A. (2018 [1776]). La riqueza de las naciones, Santiago, Liberalia Ediciones Ltda.
  • Spector, H. (2015). «Los fundamentos filosóficos del derecho laboral», en Enciclopedia de Filosofía del Derecho y Teoría Jurídica, vol. 3,...
  • Spenser, H. (1960). The Man Versus the State, Caldwell, The Caxton Printers.
  • Spitz, J. (1993), «The Concept of Liberty in ‘A Theory of Justice’ and Its Republican Version», Ratio Juris, (7), 331-47.
  • Spitz, J. (1995). La liberté politique: Essai de généalogie conceptuelle, Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
  • Steiner, H. (1994). An Essay on Rights, Oxford, Blackwell.
  • Talisse, R. (2011). «A Farewell to Deweyan Democracy», Political Studies, (59), 509-526.
  • Taylor, C. (1979). «What’s Wrong with Negative Liberty?», en The Idea of Freedom: Essays in Honour of Isaiah Berlin, Alan Ryan (ed.), Oxford,...
  • Taylor, R. (2017). Exit Left: Markets and Mobility in Republican Thought, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Viroli, M. (2002). Republicanism, trad. Antony Shugaaar, New York, Hill and Wang.
  • Von Humboldt, W. (1993 [1852]). The Limits of State Action, Indianapolis, Liberty Fund.