Understanding Muslims in Britain: events, aftermaths, atmospheres

• Hussain, Ajmal ^[1]
  1. [1] University of Warwick

     University of Warwick

     Reino Unido

     
• Localización: Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos ( REIM ), ISSN-e 1887-4460, Nº. 36, 2024 (Ejemplar dedicado a: La representación de los musulmanes como amenaza: una perspectiva europea), págs. 111-132
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.15366/reim2024.36.005
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Interpretación de los musulmanes en Gran Bretaña: acontecimientos, repercusiones, atmósferas discursivas
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Los musulmanes han pasado a ocupar un lugar central en los debates sobre ciudadanía y pertenencia en el Reino Unido. Este artículo analiza una serie de acontecimientos críticos que les implican y contribuyen a conformar el terreno discursivo sobre los musulmanes y el Islam, desde el caso Rushdie en 1989 hasta la reciente “guerra contra el terror”, para mostrar cómo dan lugar a ciertos tropos y cómo, a través de los medios de comunicación y de la formulación de políticas, éstos cobran impulso con el tiempo para pronunciarse en una atmósfera discursiva en el seno de la cual es aprehendida la vida musulmana.

  • English

    Muslims have come to occupy a central role in discussions about citizenship and belonging in the UK. A cursory glance at the context surrounding this development reveals the importance of critical events in which Muslims are imbricated, and which help shape the discursive ground upon which Muslims/Islam are understood. This paper charts a number of critical events, beginning with the Rushdie Affair in 1989 through to the recent “war on terror” to consider how certain tropes emanate from these, and how through the workings of media and policy-making these gather velocity over time to pronounce themselves in an atmosphere, against and within which Muslim life should be apprehended.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • ABBAS, Madeline-Sophie (2018): “‘I grew a beard and my dad flipped out!’ Co-option of British Muslim parents in countering ‘extremism’ within...
  • AHMED, Sara; CASTADA, Claudia, FORTIER, Anne-Marie and SHELLER, Mimi (2003): “Introduction: Uprootings/Regroundings: Questions of Home and...
  • AHMED, Shamila (2020): The “War on Terror”, State Crime & Radicalization: A Constitutive theory of Radicalization, Hampshire, Palgrave...
  • ALEXANDER, Claire (1998): “Re-imagining the Muslim Community”, Innovations: The European Journal of Social Science, n°11, pp 439-450. Available...
  • ALEXANDER, Claire (2000): The Asian Gang: ethnicity, identity, masculinity, Oxford, Berg.
  • ALEXANDER, Claire (2004a): “Writing Race: ethnography and the imagination of The Asian Gang”, in BULMER, Martin and SOLOMOS, John (eds.):...
  • ALEXANDER, Claire (2004b): “Imagining the Asian Gang: Ethnicity, Masculinity and Youth after “the Riots””, Critical Social Policy, n°24, pp....
  • ALEXANDER, Claire (2024): Revisiting the Asian Gang: changing Muslim masculinities, Oxford, Berg.
  • ALLEN, Chris and GURU, Surinder (2012): “Between Political Fad and Political Empowerment: A Critical Evaluation of the National Muslim Women’s...
  • ALLY, Muhammad Mashuq (1983): History of Muslims in Britain, 1850-1980, Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Birmingham.
  • AMELI, Saied R. and MERALI, Arzu (2004): British Muslims’ Expectations of the Government. Dual Citizenship: British, Islamic or Both? Obligation,...
  • AMELI, Saied R.; AZAM, Aliya and MERALI, Arzu (2005): Secular or Islamic? What Schools do British Muslims want for their Children? (Vol. 3...
  • AMIN, Ash (2003): “Unruly Strangers? The 2001 Urban Riots in Britain”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, n°27, pp. 460-463....
  • ANSARI, Humayun (2003): The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain since 1800, London, Hurst & Co.
  • ARKOUN, Mohammed (2003): “Rethinking Islam Today”, The Annnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, n°588, pp. 18-39.
  • ASTON, Jane; HOOKER, Hulya, PAGE, Rosie and WILLISON, Rebecca (2007): Pakistani and Bangladeshi women’s attitudes to work and family, London,...
  • BAGGULEY, Paul and HUSSAIN, Yasmin (2008): “The Riots of 2001: An Overview and Comparison of Oldham, Burnley and Bradford”, in BAGGULEY, Paul...
  • BECKFORD, James; GALE, Richard, OWEN, David, PEACH, Ceri and WELLER, Paul (2006): “Review of the Evidence Base on Faith Communities”, London,...
  • BHIMJI, Fazila (2009): “Identities and agency in religious spheres: a study of British Muslim women’s experience”, Gender, Place and Culture,...
  • BOUBEKEUR, Amel (2007): “Post-Islamist Culture: A New Form of Mobilization?”, History of Religions, n°47, pp. 75-94.
  • BROWN, Katherine (2008): “The Promise and Perils of Women’s Participation in UK Mosques: The Impact of Securitisation Agendas on Identity,...
  • BRIGGS, Rachel; FIESCHI, Catherine, LOWNSBROUGH, Hannah and PICKARD, Julie (2006): Bringing it Home: Community-based Approaches to Counterterrorism,...
  • CANTE, Fabien; HUSSAIN, Ajmal, MAKORI, Timo, MOHAMED, Surer Qassim, OSBOURNE, Alana, PILO, Francesca, RAMAKRISHNAN, Kavita, SIMONE, AbdouMaliq,...
  • CHAKRABORTI, Neil and ZEMPI, Irene (2015): “‘They Make Us Feel Like We’re a Virus’: The Impact of Islamophobic Victimisation on Veiled Muslim...
  • DAHYA, Bader (1974): “The Nature of Pakistani Ethnicity in Industrial Cities in Britain”, in COHEN, Abner (ed.): Urban Ethnicity, London,...
  • DEVJI, Faisal (2005): Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity, New York, Cornell University Press.
  • DWYER, Claire (1999): “Veiled meanings: young British Muslim women and the negotiation of differences”, Gender, Place and Culture, n°4, pp....
  • DWYER, Claire (2000): “Negotiating diasporic identities: young British South Asian Muslim women”, Women’s Studies International Forum, n°23,...
  • ESPOSITO, John (1994): “Political Islam: Beyond the Green Menace”, Current History, n°93, pp. 19-24.
  • FARRAR, Max (2009): “Violent Urban Protest – Identities, Ethics and Islamism”, in BHATTACHARYYA, Gargi (ed.): Ethnicities and Values in a...
  • GALE, Richard (2009): “The Multicultural City and the Politics of Religious Architecture: urban planning, Mosques and meaning making in Birmingham”...
  • GILLBORN, David and YOUDELL, Deborah (2000): Rationing Education: Policy, practice, reform and equity, Buckingham and Philadelphia, Open University...
  • GITHENS-MAZER, Jonathan and LAMBERT, Robert (2010): “Why conventional wisdom on radicalization fails: the persistence of a failed discourse”,...
  • GÖLE, Nilüfer (2006): “Islamic Visibilities and Public Sphere”, in GÖLE, Nilüfer and AMMANN, Ludwig (eds.): Islam in Public: Turkey, Iran,...
  • HAMID, Sadek (2011): “British Muslim Young People: Facts, Features and Religious Trends”, Religion, State and Society, n°39, pp. 247-261....
  • HEATH-KELLY, Charlotte (2012): “Counter-Terrorism and the Counterfactual: Producing the ‘Radicalisation’ Discourse and the UK PREVENT Strategy”,...
  • HERDING, Maruta (2013): Inventing the Muslim Cool: Islamic youth culture in Western Europe, Bielefeld, Transcript Verlag.
  • HUSSAIN, Ajmal (2014): “Transgressing Community: The Case of Muslims in a Twenty-First- Century British City”, Ethnic and Racial Studies,...
  • HUSSAIN, Serena and SHERIF, Jamil (2014): “Minority religions in the census: the case of British Muslims”, Religions, n°44, pp. 414-433. Available...
  • HUSSAIN, Ajmal (2015): “(Dis)Locating Muslims in Britain Today,” in TOGUSLU, Erkan (ed.): Everyday Life Practices of Muslims in Europe, Leuven,...
  • HUSSAIN, Ajmal and MEER, Nasar (2018): “Fundamental British Values and Muslim Identity in Public Life”, Discover Society, 1. Available at:...
  • HUSSAIN, Ajmal (2022): “Street Salafism: contingency and urbanity as religious creed”, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, n°40,...
  • HUSSAIN, Yasmin and BAGGULEY, Paul (2007): Moving on Up – South Asian Women and Higher Education, Stoke-on-Trent, Trentham Books.
  • HUTNYK, John (2006): “THE DIALECTICS OF EUROPEAN HIP-HOP: Fun-da-mental and the deathening silence”, Journal of South Asian Popular Culture,...
  • INGE, Anabel (2017): The Making of a Salafi Woman: Paths to Conversion, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • JACKSON, Leonie B. (2018): Islamophobia in Britain: The Making of a Muslim Enemy, London, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • JONES, Stephen H. (2012): “Knowledge, Tradition and Authority in British Islamic Theology”, in GUEST, Mathew and ARWECK, Elisabeth (eds.):...
  • JONES, Stephen H. (2013): “New Labour and the Re-making of British Islam: The Case of the Radical Middle Way and the ‘Reclamation’ of the...
  • KALRA, Virinder (2000): From Textile Mills to Taxi Ranks: Experiences of Migration, Labour and Social Change, Aldershot, Ashgate.
  • KAPOOR, Nisha; KALRA, Virinder and RHODES, James (eds.) (2013): The State of Race, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • KEITH, Michael (2013): “Migration, Faith, Ethnicity and Political Subjectivity”, in GARNETT, Jane and HARRIS, Alana (eds.): Rescripting Religion...
  • KUNDNANI, Arun (2001): “From Oldham to Bradford: the violence of the violated”, Race and Class, n°43, pp. 105-131.
  • KUNDNANI, Arun (2009): “Spooked!: how not to prevent violent extremism”, Institute of Race Relations, 17 October. Available at: https://irr.org.uk/article/spooked-how-not-to-prevent-violent-extremism/...
  • LEWIS, Philip (2007): Young, British and Muslim, London, Continuum.
  • MALIK, Kenan (2012): From fatwa to jihad: The Rushdie affair and its legacy, London, Atlantic Books.
  • MAMDANI, Mahmood (2003): Good Muslim, Bad Muslim, New York, Three Leaves Press.
  • MASSOUMI, Narzanin (2015): “‘The Muslim woman activist’: Solidarity across difference in the movement against the ‘War on Terror’”, Ethnicities,...
  • MASSOUMI, Narzanin (2016): Muslim Women, Social Movements and the “War on Terror”, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • McDONALD, Laura Zahra (2012): “Gender within a Counter-Terrorism Context”, in SPALEK, Basia (ed.): Counter-Terrorism: Community-Based Approaches...
  • MEER, Nasar (2010): Citizenship, Identity, and the Politics of Multiculturalism: The Rise of Muslim Consciousness, Basingstoke, Palgrave.
  • MEER, Nasar (2012): “Negotiating faith and politics: the emergence of Muslim consciousness in Britain”, in AHMAD, Waqar and SARDAR, Ziauddin...
  • METCALF, Barbara Daly (1996): “Introduction: Sacred Words, Sanctioned Practice, New Communities”, in METCALF, Barbara Daly (ed.): Making Muslim...
  • MIAH, Shamim (2017): Muslims, Schooling and Security: Trojan Horse, Prevent and Racial Politics, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • MODOOD, Tariq (1990): “Muslims, race and equality in Britain: Some post?Rushdie affair reflections”, Third Text, n°4, pp. 127-134.
  • MODOOD, Tariq (1997): “Difference: Cultural Racism and Anti-Racism,” in WERBNER, Pnina and MODOOD, Tariq (eds.): Debating Cultural Hybridity:...
  • MOHAMMAD, Robina (2011): “Making gender ma(R)king place: youthful British Pakistani Muslim women’s narratives of urban space”, Environment...
  • MORA, Laura (2022): Examining the self-representation of hijab fashion bloggers as a postfeminist phenomenon: discourses of empowerment and...
  • NICKELS, Henri C.; THOMAS, Lyn, HICKMAN, Mary J. and SILVESTRI, Sara (2009): “A comparative study of the representation of ‘suspect’ communities...
  • OUSLEY, Herman (2001): “Community Pride not Prejudice – making diversity work in Bradford: The Ousley Report”, July, Bradford, The Bradford...
  • PEARSON, Elizabeth (2020): “Between Protection and Participation: Affect, Countering Violent Extremism and the Possibility for Agency”, in...
  • PILKINGTON, Hilary and HUSSAIN, Ajmal (2022): “Why wouldn’t you consult us? Reflections on preventing radicalisation among actors in radical(ising)...
  • POOLE, Elizabeth and RICHARDSON, John E. (eds.) (2006): Muslims and the News Media, London, I.B. Tauris.
  • QURESHI, Abeeda (2021): From Multiculturalism to Integration Muslim Women and Preventing Violent Extremism Policies in the UK, 2001-2016,...
  • SAEED, Amir (2007): “Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media”, Sociology Compass, n°I/2, pp....
  • SAID, Edward W. (1978): Orientalism, New York, Pantheon Books.
  • SAID, Edward W. (1981): Covering Islam: How the media and the experts determine how we see the rest of the world, New York, Penguin Random...
  • SAMAD, Yunas (2002): “Ethnicization of Religion”, in SAMAD, Yunas and SEN, Kasturi (eds.): Islam in the European Union: Transnationalism,...
  • SAMAD, Yunas (2010): Muslims and Community Cohesion in Bradford, York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • SAYYID, Salman (2006): “BrAsians: Postcolonial People, Ironic Citizens”, in ALI, Nasreen; KALRA, Virinder and SAYYID, Salman (eds.): A Postcolonial...
  • SAYYID, Salman (2009): “Answering the Muslim Question: The Politics of Muslims in Europe”, in ARAÚJO, Marta; MATIAS, Marisa, SANTOS, Helia...
  • SHACKLE, Samira (2017): “Trojan horse: the real story behind the fake ‘Islamic plot’ to take over schools”, The Guardian, 1 September. Available...
  • SHAW, Allison (2000): Kinship and Continuity: Pakistani Families in Britain, London, Routledge.
  • SHERIF, Jamil (2011): “A Census Chronicle: Reflections on the Campaign for a Religion Question in the 2001 Census for England and Wales”,...
  • SWEDENBURG, Ted (2010): “Fun-da-mental’s ‘Jihad Rap’”, in BEYAT, Asef and HERRERA, Linda (eds.): Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics...
  • TAKHAR, Shaminder (2004): “South Asian Women and the Question of Political Organization”, in PUWAR, Nirmal and RAGHURAM, Parvati (eds.): South...
  • TARLO, Emma (2007): “Hijab in London: metamorphosis, resonance and effects”, Journal of Material Culture, n°12, pp. 131-156. Available at:...
  • TARLO, Emma (2010): Visibly Muslim, Fashion, Politics, Faith, Oxford, Berg.
  • THOMAS, Paul (2017): “Changing experiences of responsibilisation and contestation within counter-terrorism policies: The British Prevent experience”,...
  • YOUNIS, Tarek (2022): The Muslim, State and Mind: Psychology in Times of Islamophobia, London, Sage.
  • VERTOVEC, Steven (1998): “Young Muslims in Keighley, West Yorkshire: Cultural Identity, Context and Community”, in VERTOVEC, Steven and ROGERS,...
  • WARDANA, Amika (2013): “Institutionalising diasporic Islam: multiculturalism, secularism and the integration of Muslim immigrants in Britain”,...